WASHINGTON (AP) — Inflation rose last month as the price of gas, groceries and airfares jumped while new data showed applications for unemployment aid soared, putting the Federal Reserve in an increasingly tough spot as it prepares to cut rates at its meeting next week despite persistent price pressures.

Consumer prices increased 2.9% in August from a year earlier, the Labor Department said Thursday, up from 2.7% the previous month and the biggest jump since January. Excluding the volatile food and energy categories, core prices rose 3.1%, the same as in July. Both figures are above the Federal Reserve’s 2% target.

A separate government report Thursday showed that weekly applications for unemployment aid jumped 27,000 to 263,000, the highest in nearly four years. Requests for jobless benefits are a proxy for layoffs. Recent reports have also showed that hiring has weakened dramatically this year and was lower than previously estimated last year.

The data raises the specter of “stagflation,” a trend that last bedeviled the U.S. economy in the 1970s. The term refers to a period of slower growth, higher unemployment along with rising inflation. It is unusual because a weak economy typically keeps inflation in check.

Such a scenario could create major headaches for the Fed as it prepares for a meeting next week, when policymakers are widely expected to cut their short-term rate to about 4.1% from 4.3%. The Fed is under relentless pressure from President Donald Trump to cut rates. At the same time, stubborn inflation while the job market is weakening is difficult for the central bank because they are diverging trends that require polar reactions from Fed policymakers to address.

Typically the Fed would cut its key rate when unemployment rises to spur more spending and growth. Yet it would do the opposite and raise rates — or at least keep them unchanged — in the face of rising inflation.

Last month, Chair Jerome Powell signaled that Fed officials are increasingly concerned about weaker hiring, setting the stage for a rate cut next week. Wall Street investors think there is an 85% chance the Fed will cut twice more after that, according to futures pricing tracked by CME Fedwatch.

“Consumer inflation came in mildly hotter than forecast, but not nearly high enough to prevent the Fed from starting to cut rates next week,” Kathy Bostjancic, chief economist for Nationwide, said. “The labor market is losing steam and reinforces that the Fed needs to start cutting rates next week and that it will be the start of a series of rate reductions.”

Where inflation heads next is a key question for the Fed. While Thursday’s report showed inflation picked up, data released Wednesday suggested prices at the wholesale level are cooling. Economists also noted that a separate measure of inflation that the Fed prefers, which will be released in about two weeks, should come in lower than Thursday’s figures and paint a more benign picture of prices.

On a monthly basis, overall inflation accelerated, rising 0.4% from July to August, faster than the 0.2% pace the previous month. Core prices rose 0.3% for the second straight month.

Many economists and some key members of the Fed think that the current pickup in inflation reflects one-time increases from Trump’s sweeping tariffs and won’t lead to a lasting inflationary trend. They argue that a weaker job market will hold down wages and force companies to keep prices in check.

Subadra Rajappa, head of U.S. rates strategy at Societe Generale, said that while inflation was elevated last month, there were also signs that the cost of services moderated, suggesting that outside of tariffs, prices are cooling.

Yet Joe Brusuelas, chief economist at RSM, a tax and consulting firm, says that higher-income households are still spending sufficiently to push some prices higher, such as hotel and airfare costs, which leapt last month. Such spending could keep inflation stubbornly high even in a weak job market, he said.

“The Fed’s getting ready to cut into a sustained increase in prices,” he said. “Very unusual spot. … we can see tariff induced inflation in a slow, steady and methodical manner.”

Goods prices picked up last month, a sign Trump’s sweeping tariffs are pushing up costs. Gas prices jumped 1.9% just from July to August, the biggest monthly increase since a 4% rise in December. Grocery prices climbed 0.6%, pushed higher by more expensive tomatoes, apples, and beef. Rental costs also increased, rising 0.4%, faster than the previous month.

Clothing costs rose 0.5% just last month, though they are still just slightly more expensive than a year ago. Furniture costs rose 0.3% and are 4.7% higher than a year earlier.

Some restaurant owners have boosted prices to offset the rising costs of food. Cheetie Kumar, who owns Mediterranean eatery Ajja in Raleigh, North Carolina, said she’s facing higher costs on everything ranging from spices she imports from India, coffee and chocolate she gets from Brazil, and soy she gets from Canada.

“Those are things that I cannot source locally, we do source a lot of produce and meat and everything else from local farmers, but I don’t know any nutmeg growers in North Carolina,” she said.

Her overall costs are up about 10% from a year ago, with beef costs up 7%, and much bigger increases for things like coffee, chocolate (300%) and spices (100%).

She’s raised prices on some of her menu items by $1 or $2, but said she’s at the limit of how much she can do so before demand wanes and she stops earning a profit.

Bigger companies are also feeling the pinch.

E.L.F. Cosmetics said this spring that it was raising prices by $1. Last month, however, CFO Mandy Fields said it is no longer certain whether the $1 price increases will be enough to offset rising tariff costs.

Shoppers have yet to feel the big sting that economists had predicted earlier in the year. Many retailers ordered goods ahead of tariffs and have also absorbed a big chunk of the costs rather than passing them along to consumers, who’ve grown increasingly leery of price increases.

But Walmart and other big chains have warned of costs increases as they replenish their inventories, with the full impact of tariffs in effect.

___

AP Business Writer Anne D’Innocenzio contributed from New York. AP Business Writer Mae Anderson contributed from Nashville.

Mortgage rates are finally falling, and just saw their biggest weekly drop in the past year. The average interest rate for a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage in the past week was 6.35%, according to Freddie Mac, down from 6.5% a week earlier.

That’s the lowest average since last October. Rates have been above 6.5% for most of the last year, climbing above 7% in January.

“Mortgage rates are headed in the right direction and homebuyers have noticed, as purchase applications reached the highest year-over-year growth rate in more than four years,” said Sam Khater, Freddie Mac’s chief economist.

As rates dropped, borrower demand surged. Applications to buy a home and to refinance were both up on a weekly and annual basis, according to the Mortgage Bankers Association.

Refinances made up nearly half of those applications, as those who bought homes at higher rates jumped at the chance to lower their monthly mortgage payments. Purchase applications, meanwhile, rose to their highest level since July.

Why are rates dropping now? 

The Treasury yields that affect mortgage rates moved lower with the data that the labor market is weakening. The jobs report last week showed that U.S. employers added just 22,000 jobs in August, and a revised report on Tuesday showed that hiring for the last 12 months ending in March was much lower than initially tallied.

The Federal Reserve is expected to cut the fed funds rate at its meeting next week, despite fresh data showing that inflation inched higher last month — with prices on consumer goods up 2.9% from a year ago. But a rate cut may not mean a drop in mortgage rates, as the expectation of a cut is already likely priced into current rates.

The boy who shot two schoolmates and himself at Evergreen High School was identified Thursday as 16-year-old Desmond Holly.

Desmond lived with his family in a sprawling mountain home tucked away on a private lane near Kittridge, property records show. His parents did not immediately return requests for comment Thursday.

Investigators believe Holly shot two of his classmates at the Jefferson County high school on Wednesday before shooting himself, according to the sheriff’s office. He later died from his injuries at the CommonSpirit St. Anthony Hospital in Lakewood.

One victim remains in critical condition at St. Anthony Hospital, Dr. Brian Blackwood said in a Thursday morning news briefing. A second victim was transferred to Children’s Hospital Colorado in Aurora, where that student remains in critical condition, hospital officials said.

Hundreds of law enforcement officers responded Wednesday to Evergreen High School at 29300 Buffalo Park Road, after a 911 caller reported an active school shooting at 12:24 p.m., Jefferson County Sheriff’s Office spokesperson Jacki Kelley said.

The first sheriff’s deputies were on the scene in minutes, Jefferson County Sheriff Reggie Marinelli said.

Sheriff’s officials are still investigating the events leading up to the shooting and where in the school the shooting took place.

It’s unknown what law enforcement found inside the home.

Kelley said Wednesday that investigators would also examine the suspect’s locker, car and social media.

Evergreen High School will be closed the rest of the week, Jefferson County Public Schools announced. Another eight schools in the Conifer and Evergreen areas were also closed Thursday.

A resource and information center will operate for two days out of Bergen Meadow Elementary’s old building at 1928 S. Hiwan Drive, according to the Jefferson County Sheriff’s Office. That building was the reunification point for families and Evergreen students on Wednesday.