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U.S. State Courts Cautiously Approach AI Despite Efficiency Promises and Staffing Crises

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A new survey of state courts reveals a striking paradox in the American judicial system: Even though courts face severe staffing shortages and operational strain, they remain reluctant to adopt generative artificial intelligence technologies that could provide significant relief.

The Thomson Reuters Institute’s third annual survey of state courts, conducted in partnership with the National Center for State Courts AI Policy Consortium, found that 68% of courts reported staff shortages and 48% of court professionals say they do not have enough time to get their work done.

Despite these pressures, however, just 17% say their court is using gen AI today.

Courts Under Strain

The survey, which gathered responses from 443 state, county, and municipal court judges and professionals between March and April 2025, paints a picture of courts under significant strain.

Seventy-one percent of state courts and 56% of county/municipal courts experienced staff shortages in the past year, with 61% anticipating continued shortages in the next 12 months.

This staffing crisis translates into demanding work schedules, with 53% of respondents saying they work between 40 and 45 hours a week on average, and an additional 38% working over 46 hours a week.

Perhaps most telling, only half of court professionals said they had enough time to get their work done.

These workload pressures are only getting worse. Nearly half of respondents (45%) reported an increase in their caseloads compared to last year and 39% said the issues they are dealing with have become more complex.

Meanwhile, 24% of respondents reported increases in court delays, compared to 18% who reported decreases.

AI Adoption Remains Limited

Against this backdrop of operational strain, the survey reveals a cautious approach to AI adoption that seems at odds with the technology’s potential benefits.

Currently, only 17% of respondents said their court was using gen AI, and an additional 17% said their court was planning to adopt gen AI technology over the next year.

This slow adoption occurs despite widespread recognition of AI’s transformative potential, with 55% of respondents rating AI and gen AI as having a transformational or high impact on courts over the next five years.

The survey found that AI and gen AI is the highest-ranking impactful trend, rated as transformational or high impact by 55% of respondents.

Court professionals clearly see the efficiency benefits AI could provide. Court professionals predict that in the next year, gen AI will help them save an average of nearly three hours a week, rising to nearly nine hours a week within five years.

The projected time savings could be substantial: Respondents estimate they will save an average of nearly three hours every week in the next year, growing to nearly six hours each week within three years and 8.8 hours each week within five years.

Barriers to AI Implementation

So what is keeping courts back? The survey identifies several factors contributing to courts’ cautious AI adoption.

Seventy percent of respondents said their courts are currently not allowing employees to use AI-based tools for court business, and 75% of respondents said their court has not yet provided any AI training.

There are also varied but significant concerns about AI implementation.

More than a third (35%) are worried that AI will lead to an overreliance on technology rather than skill, while a quarter have concerns about malicious use of AI, such as counterfeit orders and evidence. Interestingly, only 9% were worried about widespread job loss resulting from AI.

Budget constraints may also play a role in limiting technology adoption. The survey found that 22% say their budget for the next year increased, while 30% said budgets decreased, and 30% say budgets stayed the same.

Current Technology Landscape

While AI adoption lags, courts have made progress implementing other technologies. Most courts have adopted key technologies, including case management (86%), e-filing (85%), calendar management (83%), and document management (82%).

Video conferencing has reached near-universal adoption at 88%.

However, some technology gaps remain. Beyond gen AI, the most common technologies set to be adopted next are legal self-help portals, online dispute resolution and document automation.

Virtual Hearings Widely Adopted

The survey shows significant adoption of virtual hearings, with 80% of respondents saying their court conducts or participates in virtual hearings.

In more than 40% of all jurisdictions, virtual hearings are available for first/initial appearances, preliminary/status hearings and/or motion hearings.

Virtual hearings appear to improve court efficiency in some areas. 58% of respondents reported that virtual courts decrease failure to appear rates, and 84% reported that virtual courts increase access to justice.

However, the digital divide presents ongoing challenges. Nearly one in five respondents (19%) feel that the majority of litigants are experiencing decreased access to justice because they lack strong technology skills.

Court access for people with lower digital literacy and fewer technical support resources were ranked as the top challenges for litigants involved in virtual hearings.

Cybersecurity Concerns

As courts increasingly rely on technology, cybersecurity emerges as a critical concern. The survey reveals significant variation in confidence levels regarding IT security.

While 57% of respondents feel highly confident in their IT systems’ security, an alarming 22% of respondents say they are “not at all confident” in the security of their IT systems.

Generational Workforce Changes

The survey identifies generational workforce shifts as another major factor affecting courts. Baby Boomers and Gen Xers exiting the workplace, along with Gen Zers entering the workforce and Millennials moving into leadership positions, are trends frequently ranked as transformational or high impact.

These demographic changes have important implications for technology adoption. As the report notes, Gen Zers are digital natives who are very comfortable using technology and may find it easier to manage automated workflows, while they may be resistant to jobs and tasks that still rely heavily on manual tasks.

Reducing Operational Errors

The survey provides insights about task efficiency and error rates in court operations.

Entering and updating data in court management systems was rated as both the most error-prone task by a wide margin and also as the second-most inefficient task. This finding suggests that greater use of automation in CMS entry could yield major improvements in both efficiency and error rates.

The survey also found correlations between different operational challenges. Tasks that are more stressful are also correlated with causing inconvenience for court users, suggesting that addressing workflow inefficiencies could simultaneously improve both staff satisfaction and user experience.

A Critical Juncture for Courts

The survey suggests that courts face a strategic choice: embrace AI technologies that could significantly alleviate operational pressures, or risk falling further behind as staffing challenges intensify and workloads continue to grow.

“We’re facing challenges — staff don’t think they have enough time to meet their demands, and they’re working more hours to get the work done, and that’s leading to burnout,” said David Slayton, executive officer and clerk of court for the Superior Court of Los Angeles County.

“It’s incumbent on court leaders to really think about how technology can help us with this problem.”

Mike Abbott, head of Thomson Reuters Institute, underscored the urgency of the situation.

“Courts are facing an unprecedented convergence of change, driven by generative AI and generational shifts in their workforce, at the same time as they continue to deal with staff shortages, backlogs and delays,” Abbott said.

“AI literacy can empower the courts to understand both the risks and the opportunities associated with the technology, enabling them to identify the best use cases which help them focus on higher value work.”



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How AI is undermining learning and teaching in universities | Artificial intelligence (AI)

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In discussing generative artificial intelligence (‘It’s going to be a life skill’: educators discuss the impact of AI on university education, 13 September) you appear to underestimate the challenges that large language model (LLM) tools such as ChatGPT present to higher education. The argument that mastering AI is a life skill that students need in preparation for the labour market is unconvincing. Our experience is that generative AI undermines teaching and learning, bypasses reflection and criticality, and deflects students from reading original material.

Student misuse of generative AI is widespread. Claims that AI helps preparation or research is simply cover for students taking shortcuts that do not develop their learning skills. Assessments are widely channelled through ChatGPT, disregarding universities’ usually feeble guidance and rules. Generative AI results in generic, dull and often factually incorrect output.

For example, we asked students to interpret a short article by Henry Ford from 1922. Many answers suggested that the autocratic and racist Ford was developing a “sophisticated HR performance management function for his business” and that he was a “transformational leader”.

In many degree programmes, LLMs have little to no practical value. Their use sabotages and degrades students’ learning and undermines critical analysis and creativity. If we are to make better sense of the impact of AI on work, education and everyday life, we need to be more sceptical and less celebratory.
Prof Leo McCann
Prof Simon Sweeney
University of York

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Workday acquires Sana Labs for $1.1B to upgrade agentic AI work experiences

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Human resources and finance software giant Workday Inc. today announced the acquisition of Sana Labs AB, an artificial intelligence company offering enterprise knowledge and employee training tools, for about $1.1 billion.

Workday also announced new AI agents for HR, finance and industry use cases in its Illuminate platform alongside a new developer platform, including a low-code agent builder that will allow customers to deploy custom AI agents.

Founded in 2016, Sana has focused on developing AI tools to enhance the knowledge and understanding of employees in enterprises. The company’s main products include Sana Learn, a coaching and feedback tool featuring an AI tutor, and Sana Agents, AI-powered knowledge assistants that generate insights and content from enterprise data.

“Sana’s team, AI-native approach, and beautiful design perfectly align with our vision to reimagine the future of work,” said Gerrit Kazmaier, president of product and technology at Workday. “This will make Workday the new front door for work, delivering a proactive, personalized, and intelligent experience that unlocks unmatched AI capabilities for the workplace.”

Sana Learn will be used to complement Workday Learning by adding hyper-personalized skill building to Workday’s already existing learning suite to help employees train faster. Sana Agents provide capabilities beyond traditional chatbots by adding the ability to automate repetitive knowledge tasks and act proactively on users’ behalf. AI agents can streamline day-to-day work by completing mundane tasks such as scanning email for highlights and catching up on reports.

According to Sana, its agents have led to increased time savings and productivity gains. For instance, an unnamed leading American manufacturer achieved up to 95% time savings, while a multinational industrial technology company experienced a 90% increase in productivity.

Workday upgrades its AI agents and work tools

In addition to today’s acquisition news, Workday also announced new AI agents, including a Financial Close Agent and Case Agent, purpose-built for complex business processes like performance reviews, planning and assisting with financial use cases.

The new agents are part of Workday Illuminate, Workday’s AI platform. The company said the new agents are “purpose-built for work,” embedded with their respective industry use cases and powered by deep insights into business data and context.

The company’s new HR agents are designed to help reduce the administrative burden associated with attracting, retaining and engaging talent. According to Workday, these agents will improve the employee experience and allow HR teams to concentrate on strategic initiatives by automating time-consuming processes.

New agents include a Business Process Copilot that automates the setup of new business procedures to reduce manual effort, the aforementioned Case Agent that automates administrative tasks to reduce resolution times for employee needs, an Employee Sentiment Agent that analyzes employee feedback and a Performance Agent that tracks data from enterprise applications to streamline reviews and recommend actions.

To assist finance teams, the company introduced agents specifically designed for reconciliation, testing and planning. These agents help business leaders adapt to changing situations with valuable analysis and improved decision-making capabilities.

These new agents include a Cost and Profitability Agent that allows users to define allocation for costs and revenue based on natural language, a Financial Test Agent that tests financials to detect fraud and enable compliance and the Financial Close Agent that automates the finalization of accounting records to retain accurate financial statements.

For use cases not covered by these agents and Workday’s already existing AI agents, the company today announced Workday Build, a new developer platform that gives customers and partners the power to create and deploy their own AI-powered solutions. It includes Flowise Agent Builder, a low-code tool that makes building agents on the company’s platform simple for both non-technical and advanced users.

“The era of one-size-fits-all enterprise software is over,” said Peter Bailis, chief technology officer at Workday. “With Workday Build, customers go from consuming AI to creating with it, giving them the power to build intelligent solutions directly on their most trusted people and financial data.”

All of these capabilities will be powered by Workday Data Cloud, a new data layer announced today that the company said will connect AI agents to business intelligence and operational systems. In addition, Workday also announced partnerships with Databricks Inc., Salesforce Inc. and Snowflake Inc., permitting zero-copy access to HR and finance data within these data storage platforms.

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Digital Health Care Forum Live Updates: Leaders Talk Industry’s AI Future

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As the demands on the health care industry grow, top health systems must invest in the integration of new technologies to support physicians and better care for patients.

Newsweek’s Digital Health Care Forum on Tuesday, September 16, 2025, invites health care leaders from top health systems across the country to New York City to share their strategies, challenges and impacts of recent technological innovations.

The forum, sponsored by Tecsys, Palantir and WelcomeWare, features a full day of programming that includes expert panels, research presentations, fireside chats and networking receptions that address the biggest challenges facing health care systems in the digital age.

  • The forum is led by Newsweek’s Health Care Editor Alexis Kayser.
  • The diverse slate of panels will discuss topics such as financing innovation, tech integration, virtual health care, artificial intelligence, governance and leadership in the digital age.
  • Some notable speakers represent leaders in the industry, including Kaiser Permanente, Columbia University, Hospital for Special Surgery, Microsoft Health and Life Sciences, Statista, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Corewell Health and Northwestern Medicine.
  • The full list of panels and speakers can be found here.



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Technology helps combat challenges of health care in rural states

The panelist discussed the most important technological advancements they have integrated into their health systems.

David Callendar of Memorial Hermann said the system is owned by the greater community of Houston, Texas and is very supportive of their mission to improve overall health. Callendat said Memorial Hermann engages with members of the community directly to help them understand what good health is and how to obtain it within their circumstances.

Brad Reimer from Sanford Health said the adoption of technology “has got to be targeted,” and the mission case and a business case have to come together. He said their mission is to sustain health care in rural America. An example of this is doubling down their investment in virtual care and developing an AI model with the chronic kidney disease team that, along with the development of electronic health records, has doubled the number of screenings and tripled the number of clinical diagnoses of chronic kidney disease.





Panelist says health systems can’t improve “without leveraging technology”

After the first networking break, Alexis Kayser is back on stage for her next panel, “The Business Case for Tech and Innovation,” which explores how hospital systems can adopt new technologies to drive efficiency and reduce costs.

Memorial Hermann Health System CEO Dr. David Callender, Fairview Health Services President and CEO James Hereford and Sanford Health CIO Brad Reimer share what has worked at their institutions to build a successful tech portfolio with a strong return on investment.

Fairview had a significant financial turnaround this past year. Hereford said the investment in technology played a major role in that success.

“We want to transform health care and you can’t fully do that without fully leveraging technology,” he said.

Reimer said pacing out tech deployments in the Sanford Health System has been a huge benefit. He said it allows the health system to do more pilot programs, reduce risk and pivot or bail out when they aren’t getting the outcomes they want.

“That’s much harder to do if you push that across a whole physician group or a full nursing group,” he said. “[We’re] trying to make sure that we’re taking a big picture step back of how much change are we are introducing to the clinicians and to operations and making sure that we’re not just peppering them with a bunch of uncoordinated things that don’t drive value.”

This approach has also helped with the recruitment of medical staff who expect the latest technology and advancements in hospitals.



First networking break begins

Attendees are now taking a short networking break before the next panel, The Business Case for Tech and Innovation, with speakers from Memorial Hermann Health System, Fairview Health Services and Sanford Health.



Koford said new cancer center is a “catalyst” for MSK’s mission

Kreg Koford said the new cancer center will address disparities in cancer care for underserved communities, translate research into clinical work, train the next generation of doctors and be a center for “impact-driven innovation” with “compassionate, personalized care.”

There will also be staff respite areas for clinicians to decompress from the high-stress environment, fall-prevention technology in patient rooms and improved digital displays and smart capabilities throughout the facility.

The guiding principles of the pavilion technology include:

  • The patient is the focus
  • Speed, stability and resilience in technology investment
  • Using the most advanced, effective, efficient and compassionate care with flexibility and foresight to enable innovation
  • Working as a team and using technology to improve collaboration among clinicians, patients and families
  • Supporting team members
  • Turning every interaction into insight by collecting data to improve outcomes and accelerate clinical trials and scientific discovery

He said the building serves as a “catalyst” for Memorial Sloan Kettering’s mission to provide care for everyone who needs it and “hopefully eradicate cancer and, if not, provide care to help patients recover.”

The pavilion is set to open in 2030.




A look at Memorial Sloan Kettering’s newest cancer pavilion

Kreg Koford, the senior vice president of Real Estate Operations at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, presented the hospital’s plan to build a new facility to address the anticipated increase in demand for care and to accommodate modern and future technology.

Koford said there are currently 40,000 new cancer cases in New York City each year, and that will increase to about 47,000 cases by 2030 and 60,000 by 2050.

To address this, MSK is building the Kenneth C. Griffin Pavilion on its main campus, located on the Upper East Side of Manhattan. The pavilion will house a new, state-of-the-art cancer care facility to accommodate the rising number of cancer cases each year.

The facility features 12 new operating rooms, 2,018 inpatient beds, single rooms for immunocompromised patients and the latest technology and cutting-edge robotics.





Panelists define with good vendor partnership looks like in health care

The speakers on the Breaking Down Silos panel shared what they look for in outside vendors to ensure true partnerships.

They agreed that the partnership has to go beyond the financial transactions.

Simon Nazarian from City of Hope said the patient is always at the center of these decisions, and when you start with the financial, you can lose the reason why you’re engaging in the partnership.

“What will this [partnership] deliver to the patient and the health care industry overall?” he said.

At IU Health, Dennis Murphy said transparency is key with these vendor partnerships.

“Define accountability on both sides of the table,” he said. “We want to know if our team is not doing what they’re supposed to. We are okay with telling vendors, but we are not as receptive about the feedback for our own team.”

He also said that products are not static; they are dynamic. Good partners, he said, talk about what is next in the space. Going beyond the financial transaction means talking with partners about the next two or three things coming down the pike.


Digital Health Care Forum 2025



Newsweek Health Care Editor Alexis Kayser hosts the “Breaking Down Silos: Achieving True IT Integration in Health Care” panel during the Digital Health Care Forum on September 16, 2025, at One World Trade Center in…


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Panelist discuss concerns over sharing patient medical data

Newsweek’s Alexis Kayser leads the first panel of the day, “Breaking Down Silos: Achieving True IT Integration in Health Care,” which tackles breaking down silos with tech integration.

Panelists include IU Health President and CEO Dennis Murphy, City of Hope Executive VP and Chief Digital and Technology Officer Simon Nazarian and Northwestern Medicine Chief Digital Executive and VP of Information Services Danny Sama.

Kayser asked the panel about patient data sharing, as people are worried about privacy and control over sensitive health data that could be used for education and research.

Sama said it comes down to whose data it is.

“It’s the patient’s. If the patient doesn’t want data to be used, that is their right,” he said.

He noted an ethical conundrum: Could this data lead to a medical breakthrough and would it be unethical not to use it? Sama said that the decision might be left up to the courts and government regulation.

“HIPPA needs updating for the modern system of how we use information,” he added. “Regulations might hinder progress more than helping it. But it is patient data, so it’s a tricky tightrope to walk.”

Murphy offered a different perspective, saying physicians need to take the time to explain to patients why the data is necessary to advance medical research.

“I don’t think people want to invest time to have those conversations with patients, he said.

Murphy added that the main concern among patients who are hesitant to share their data are fears of insurance costs going up, putting employment in jeopardy and wanting a return on investment if their data is used for major medical advancements.





Tina Freese Deckers shares key behaviors to drive change in health care

Tina Freese Deckers, the board chair of the American Hospital Association and president and CEO of Corewell Health, took the stage to share her opening remarks.

She shared a story of a patient with tremors who wrote her a letter, his first hand-written note in 30 years, after a focused ultrasound procedure.

“He now can write a letter, he can now drink coffee without worrying about spills,” she said. “We totally changed his life and that’s why we’re here.”

She outlined overall challenges facing health care, including funding, affordability, an aging population and a shrinking workforce.

Health care has been slow to change, Freese Deckers said, and there are five key behaviors needed to drive change:

  • Taking care of ourselves and each other
  • Focus on mission and purpose and find the problem we are trying to solve and tie it back to the mission
  • Be curious about the road ahead, which requires actively listening and communicating and seeking out different points of view
  • Commit and own it: Go to the higher rungs of the accountability ladder where you find solutions and “make it happen”
  • Make sure we deliver and celebrate those successes

“This is how we do hard things, this is how we start to move forward,” she said. “We need to make sure that we’re doing those hard things, that we’re embracing the technology and artificial intelligence, that we’re bringing the hope to our teams, that we’re putting forward the discussions that we have and we’re owning it and making it happen.”



Newsweek’s health care editor outlines industry challenges in opening remarks

In her opening remarks, Newsweek’s Health Care Editor Alexis Kayser welcomes attendees and speakers – some of whom traveled from California, Texas, South Dakota, and even internationally from Mexico, Spain, Belgium and Colombia.

Kayser likens the current state of the health care industry to the Charles Dickens quote: “It was the best of times, it was the worst of times.”

“Where we sit, in the United States, health systems are up against funding cuts and rising costs,” she said. “Our population is getting older and they’re getting sicker. Policies, waivers and regulations are up in the air. And patients’ trust doesn’t come as easily as it used to. “

But, Kayser added, advancements in technology like AI and predictive analytics have the potential to turn things around.

“The people in this room are the people who are going to get us there,” she said. “The discussions we have in this room should help make that path a little clearer.”



Digital Health Care Forum to feature panels, fireside chats, presentations

Attendees are arriving at Newsweek’s headquarters in New York City for the Digital Health Care Forum: Sculpting a Digital Future.

The event will kick off with opening remarks from Newsweek’s Health Care Editor Alexis Kayser and Tina Freese Decker, the president and CEO of Corewell Health, at 10 a.m.

A full day of panels and fireside chats will follow throughout the day, including:

  • A “State of the Industry” presentation with Newsweek’s Global Head of Research and Statista
  • Discussions about aligning tech and financial investments with strategic planning
  • Fireside chats with senior leadership from Tecsys and Palantir
  • A panel about change management from the perspective of chief medical and nursing information officers
  • Presentations from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and UMass Memorial Health
  • A look at telehealth and remote patient monitoring technologies
  • A review of AI advancements, use cases and challenges in top hospital systems
  • Advice from top hospital systems about taking “healthy risks”
  • A spotlight on fostering trust and collaboration from Newsweek CEO Circle members

The full schedule of events can be found here.







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