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South Africa’s HIV/Aids patients worry about treatment

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Mayeni Jones

BBC News, Johannesburg

Reuters A glove-wearing nurse takes a blood sample from a child for an HIV test while the child's mother looks on at a clinic in Diepsloot, north of Johannesburg, South Africa, 12 March2025Reuters

Gugu used to collect her antiretrovirals from a USAID-funded clinic in downtown Johannesburg.

But when President Trump’s cuts to aid funding were announced earlier this year, she and thousands of other HIV-positive patients across South Africa suddenly faced an uncertain future.

Gugu was lucky, the clinic where she got the medication that helps suppress her symptoms contacted her before it closed down.

“I was one of the people who was able to get their medication in bulk. I usually collect a three-month prescription. But before my clinic closed, they gave me nine months’ worth of medication.”

She will run out of antiretrovirals (ARVs) in September, and then plans on going to her local public hospital for more.

A former sex worker, the 54-year-old found out she was HIV-positive after she’d quit the industry.

Ten years ago she got a chesty cough, and initially thought it was tuberculosis. She went to a doctor who told her she had a chest infection and treated her for it.

But when the treatment failed, she went to a clinic to get an HIV test.

“By then I already assumed that I was HIV-positive, and I told the nurse this.”

She was right, and she has been on ARVs ever since. We’re not using her real name at her request.

She currently works as a project coordinator for an NGO.

“We help pregnant sex workers get their ARVs, to ensure their children are born HIV-negative. We also do home visits to make sure that the mothers take their medication on time, and to look after their babies when they go for their monthly check-ups.”

Many HIV-positive sex workers in South Africa relied on private clinics funded by the US government’s now-defunct aid agency, USAID, to get their prescriptions and treatments.

But most of the facilities closed after US President Donald Trump cut most foreign aid earlier this year.

In a report due to be released on Thursday, the UN body in charge of fighting HIV/Aids does not single out the US, but says that drastic cuts from a number of donors have sent shockwaves around the world, and the “phenomenal progress” in tackling the illness risks being reversed.

“New HIV infections have been reduced by 40% since 2010, and 4.4 million children have been protected from acquiring HIV since 2000. More than 26 million lives have been saved,” UNAIDS says, warning that if the world does not act, there could be an extra six million new HIV infections and four million Aids-related deaths by 2029.

Gugu believes that many sex workers could be discouraged from going to public hospitals for their HRVs..

“The problem with going to public hospitals is the time factor. In order to get serviced at these facilities, you have to arrive at 4 or 5am, and they may spend the whole day waiting for their medication. For sex workers, time is money,” Gugu says.

She adds that she recently went to her local clinic with some friends to register her details and build a relationship with staff.

“The nurse who attended to us was very rude. She told us there was nothing special about sex workers.”

She thinks this could lead to many sex workers defaulting on their medication, “especially because their hospital files contain a lot of personal information, and the concern is that sometimes the nurses at these local clinics aren’t always the most sensitive in dealing with this kind of information.”

According to the UN, the US cuts to HIV funding could reverse some of the gains made by what has been called one of the most successful public health interventions in history.

Scientists in the UK-based Lancet medical journal last month estimated that USAID funding directly reduced Aids deaths by 65%, or 25.5 million, over the past two decades.

Getty Images Standing at a podium, George W. Bush, in a suit, turns his head as South Africa's Thandazile Darby and Dr Helga Holst, both seated with children, applaud on 1 December 2005 as World Aids Day is commemorated in the Eisenhower Executive Office Building in Washington, DC.Getty Images

Former US President George W Bush is widely acknowledged for his commitment to tackling HIV/Aids

Then-US President George W Bush launched an ambitious programme to combat HIV/Aids in 2003, saying it would serve the “strategic and moral interests” of the US.

Known as the President’s Emergency Plan for Aids Relief (Pepfar), it led to the investment of more than $100bn (£74bn) in the global HIV/Aids response – the largest commitment by any nation to address a single disease in the world.

South Africa has about 7.7 million people living with HIV, the highest number in the world, according to UNAIDS.

About 5.9 million of them receive antiretroviral treatment, resulting in a 66% decrease in Aids-related deaths since 2010, the UN agency adds.

South Africa’s government says Pepfar funding contributed about 17% to its HIV/Aids programme. The money was used for various projects, including running mobile clinics to make it easier for patients to get treatment.

The Trump administration’s cuts have raised concern that infection rates could spike again.

“I think we’re going to start seeing an increase in the number of HIV infections, the number of TB cases, the number of other infectious diseases,” Prof Lynn Morris, Deputy Vice-Chancellor of Johannesburg’s Wits University, tells the BBC.

“And we’re going to start seeing a reversal of what was essentially a real success story. We were getting on top of some of these things.”

Gugu points out that treatment is a matter of life and death, especially for vulnerable populations like sex workers.

“People don’t want to default on their ARVs. They’re scared that they’re going to die if they don’t get access to them.

The cuts have also affected research aimed at finding an HIV vaccine and a cure for Aids.

“There’s the long-term impact, which is that we’re not going to be getting new vaccines for HIV,” Prof Morris adds.

“We’re not going to be keeping on top of viruses that are circulating. Even with new viruses that might appear, we’re not going to have the surveillance infrastructure that we once had.”

South Africa has been one of the global leaders in HIV research. Many of the medications that help prevent the virus, and which have benefitted people around the world, were trialled in South Africa.

This includes Prep (pre-exposure prophylaxis), a medication which stops HIV-negative people from catching the virus.

Another breakthrough preventive drug released this year, Lenacapavir, an injection taken twice a year and that offers total protection from HIV, was also tried in South Africa.

Prof Abdullah Ely is in his lab, in a white coat and blue gloves

South African academic Prof Abdullah Ely is concerned that research will be affected by the US funding cut

In a lab at Wits University’s Health Sciences campus, a small group of scientists are still working on a vaccine for HIV.

They are part of the Brilliant Consortium, a group of labs working across eight African countries to develop a vaccine for the virus.

“We were developing a vaccine test to see how well that works, and then we would trial it on humans,” Abdullah Ely, an Associate Professor at Wits University, tells the BBC in his lab.

“The plan was to run the trials in Africa based on research carried out by Africans because we want that research to actually benefit our community as well as all mankind.”

But the US funding cuts threw their work into doubt.

“When the stop order came, it meant we had to stop everything. Only some of us have been able to get additional funding so we could continue our work. It’s set us back months, probably could even be a year,” Prof Ely says.

The lab lacks funding to carry out clinical trials scheduled for later this year.

“That is a very big loss to South Africa and the continent. It means that any potential research that comes out of Africa will have to be tested in Europe, or the US,” Prof Ely says.

In June, universities asked the government for a bailout of 4.6bn South African rand ($260m; £190m) over the next three years to cover some of the funding lost from the US.

“We are pleading for support because South Africa is leading in HIV research, but it’s not leading for itself. This has ramifications on the practice and policies of the entire globe,” says Dr Phethiwe Matutu, head of Universities South Africa.

South Africa’s Health Minister Aaron Motsoaledi announced on Wednesday that some alternative funding for research had been secured.

The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the Wellcome Trust have agreed to donate 1m rand each with immediate effect, while the government would make available 400m rand over the next three years, he said.

This would bring the total to 600m rand, way below the 4.6bn rand requested by researchers.

As for Gugu, she had hoped that by the time she was elderly, a cure for HIV/Aids would have been found, but she is less optimistic now.

“I look after a nine-year-old. I want to live as long as I can to keep taking care of him,” she tells the BBC.

“This isn’t just a problem for right now, we have to think about how it’s going to affect the next generation of women and young people.”

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Mavericks rookie Cooper Flagg all business as he makes pro debut at NBA 2K26 Summer League

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Flagg excited the crowd at the 4:30 mark of the first quarter, jamming home the first points in the Summer League. He finished the first quarter with six points, one rebound and a steal.

Early in the second quarter, Flagg nearly sent every fan in the building into a frenzy when he made a spin move into the paint and attempted a one-handed slam dunk over 7-foot Christian Koloko. The ball caromed off the back of the rim and still drew plenty of oohs and ahhs.

Flagg finished the first half with eight points on 4-of-11 shooting, including 0 for 3 from 3-point range. He also had three rebounds, two steals and one assist.

Generally filled with Lakers fans when the team plays in the summer, the arena was full of emotion with a fair share of Mavericks fans in attendance to see the 2025 National college player of the year.

Like 15-year-old Baer Epple, 15, who was seated with his father Chad in the third row from the court, donning Dirk Nowitzki’s Mavericks jersey.

Epple said he’s been following Flagg since before his Duke days, beginning with his junior year at Nokomis Regional High School in Newport, Maine.

The 15-year-old who is in Las Vegas from Seattle for an AAU tournament said he’s been a Mavericks fan for roughly four years.

“Even more of a fan now that they got Cooper Flagg,” Epple said. “Hopefully he does good, that’d be pretty cool to see. I don’t want him to be like a bust or anything.”

Mavericks coach Jason Kidd told The Associated Press before the game he’s looking for nothing more than effort and grit in his team’s opening game, as he wants them all playing hard.

“This summer league is a little different when you have this type of turnout,” Kidd said. “But the guys have had a couple practices. There’s going to be some turnovers. I just want to see how they respond to a couple of mistakes being made, no one’s gonna play a perfect game and be unselfish.”

As for his prize draft pick: “We’re all excited,” Kidd said of Flagg. “Seen enough of him on tape, so now it’s good to see him on the floor.”



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Amanda Anisimova stuns Wimbledon favorite Aryna Sabalenka to reach first Grand Slam final

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CENTRE COURT, THE ALL ENGLAND CLUB — Amanda Anisimova has arrived.

The former teen sensation, who spent several years in the tennis wilderness following the sudden death of her father and coach when she was 17, upset the world No. 1 Aryna Sabalenka 6-4, 4-6, 6-4 under a broiling sun on Centre Court Thursday to make her first Grand Slam final at Wimbledon. She also becomes the first American finalist at Wimbledon since Serena Williams in 2019.

In a duel of power, periods of inconsistency and tight games at important times, Anisimova kept her nerve when the match was on the line to keep Sabalenka from making the only major final she has never played. She came alive with just enough belief, just when Sabalenka looked to be clawing her way back— as she had done so many times during this tournament and during this match.

“I knew that I was going to really have to go for it,” Anisimova said when it was over. “Her level just kept increasing and getting better and better throughout the match. So to be able to come on top, I knew that I wasn’t just going to win off of her mistakes.”

For Sabalenka, it was another tough upset loss at the hands of an American seizing an opportunity in the final stages of a Grand Slam. She has played three Grand Slams since becoming the world No. 1 for a second time last fall, having spent two months at the top of the sport in 2023.

She now finds herself in a curious position. Her consistency at majors — 11 semifinal-or-better finishes at her past 12 — is remarkable. But her record when things get tight in those late stages is unspooling. She is now 3-9 in deciding sets of semifinals and finals at the Grand Slams.

She lost to Madison Keys in the Australian Open final, and to Coco Gauff last month in the French Open final. She looked across the net Thursday and saw another talented American woman — there are loads of them these days. Sabaleka came up just short once more.

This one was different than a month ago, when she blew up on the court, yelling at herself and her box as the match against Gauff slipped away. Then she exploded in her post-match news conference, arguing that Gauff had not won the match. She had lost it, in part because of the windy conditions. She said Iga Świątek, the player she had beaten in the semifinal, would have beaten Gauff that day.

On Centre Court Thursday, as Anisimova got closer to the win, Sabalenka mostly kept her cool.

“We all can lose control over our emotions, it’s absolutely normal,” Sabalenka said in her news conference.

“Every time when I was really that close in that match today to completely lose it and start… I don’t know… yelling, screaming, smashing the rackets, I keep reminding myself that’s not an option, and it’s not going to help me to stay in the match and to fight for my dream.”

She hugged Anisimova at the net and was magnanimous in her comments about her after. She did admit that Anisimova had “pissed her off,” when she reacted to the chair umpire telling her she had celebrated a shot too early by saying that she was doing what Sabalenka does “all the time” by extending her grunt through the ball.

“She was more brave today,” Sabalenka said.

“When I was just, like, trying to stay in the point, she was playing more aggressive.

“Sometimes I was just stopping my arms, making mistakes which I shouldn’t be making. I think I should have been a little bit more brave today and remember that I’m on the top of the ranking, and I can do that. I think at some point at the match I forgot about that.”


For the third major in a row, Aryna Sabalenka lost a tight match in the final stages to an American. (Henry Nicholls / AFP via Getty Images)

When she did, Anisimova was there to become the protagonist in a stirring narrative that is still unfolding.

For the 23-year-old Floridian, the win was the next high watermark in a remarkable journey over the past year. Last June, as she muddled through her comeback from nearly a year of battling injuries and burnout, Anisimova fell in the final round of Wimbledon qualifying.

During the next year, each time she achieved an encouraging result, playing deep into tournaments in Washington, D.C. and Canada and even winning in Doha in February for her first WTA 1,000 title, just below the level of a Grand Slam, her body would abandon her. She struggled with injuries to her back and hip that prevented her from practicing, training and competing as much as she liked.

In April, she hired a physiotherapist named Shadi Soleymani to take charge of her health and fitness, and she has been on the upswing ever since.

For a few minutes, it appeared that Sabalenka had turned the match. She drew even as Anisimova finally faltered on serve at 3-3 in the second set, missing two forehands and double-faulting to give Sabalenka her first service break of the afternoon. Anisimova made a gallant effort to get back in the set as Sabalenka tried to serve it out. However, Sabalenka snuffed out those efforts with a couple of massive serves, the last one clanking off Anisimova’s strings and frame.

On to a third set they went, with Sabalenka starting it just as she had finished the last, breaking a faltering Anisimova at love. And then, seemingly out of nowhere, Sabalenka went off the boil, her forehands going wide and long at the absolute worst time. One let Anisimova break right back for 1-1. With a sitter at the net, she pounded another just long, and all of a sudden Anisimova had a 3-1 lead.

The American had kept her opponent’s variety out of the contest for most of the match, with Sabalenka playing just nine points at the net through three sets when it was done. However, the world No. 1 brought it to the party at the end, trying to bring Anisimova to the net as she had done in Paris at the last major. Then, she fileted Anisimova in the front of the court. Here, Anisimova responded in kind, hitting drop shots of her own, refusing to let Sabalenka draw her into a battle she thought she would win easily.

From there, destiny seemed to take over. As Anisimova tried to survive a tight game at 4-2, she cracked a forehand down the line that might have missed. It ticked the net and dropped into the front of the court for the game. She pumped her fist, foregoing the usual apology for good luck. It was that kind of match, with Sabalenka having complained about an early celebration from Anisimova on a winner.

On her first match point, Anisimova missed on her vaunted backhand on a ball right in her slot. She missed again on the same shot to allow Sabalenka a last chance to do what she has done all year and retrieve a seemingly lost position. Instead, the world No. 1 gave her three opportunities to win, one earned by a stunning Anisimova short slice — the kind Sabalenka would so normally put into play.

Sabalenka played two without fear, but Anisimova returned the favor on the third, blasting a forehand to the postage stamp on the most high-stakes point of her career to date.

She turned to her box with a look of disbelief, though really, this is where she was supposed to be all along.

In tennis though, as in most sports, there is no “supposed to” or “destiny” without hard work and smart decisions.

When her father and main tennis guru, Konstantin, died of a sudden heart attack at 52 in 2019, Anisimova took a brief break, but she largely played through her grief. She spent the next two seasons tumbling down the rankings, before she climbed back to the top 30 in 2022.

By early in 2023, tennis had became too much.

That’s when she made the smart decision to take a break, to figure out whether she wanted to play any more. She took college courses. She pursued her interests in art, as she put the rackets away and stopped doing the main thing she had done since she was a small girl, one of countless young Russians whose parents had emigrated to America and watched Maria Sharapova’s father turn her into a champion and millionaire many times over. Anisimova even looked a bit like her, nearly six-feet tall with a long blond ponytail flowing behind her visor.

By 2024, she was ready to give tennis a go again. The comeback happened in fits and starts, often stalled by that series of recurring injuries. She worked with a coach and a trainer, but until she found Soleymani earlier this year, she never had someone keeping watch over her nutrition, her sleep habits, and searching for the reasons she kept getting injured.

First Soleymani helped her get healthy, increasing her strength and flexebility down her problematic left side that seemed to be at the root of her back and hip problems. Then she was able to train hard enough to get fitter and stronger. Then the wins began to pile up, and the confidence that she could play long matches day after day returned.

All of that has been on display this week. She survived a three-set battle against Londa Nosková in the fourth round. She overcame her jitters and a resurgent Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova to prevail in a marathon second-set tiebreak in the quarterfinal.

Then, on Thursday, she played some of her best tennis at the end, as the match stretched past the two-hour mark on a day that felt far more like Florida than London and had multiple fans requiring medical attention in the sun-splashed seats of Centre Court.

She stayed cool enough to find a way into her first Grand Slam final, in this case, the biggest one of all. As each match point slipped away, her nerves rose. Then she saw the forehand in her strike zone and thumped it.

Now she gets Swiatek on Saturday, a five-time Grand Slam champion also playing in her first Wimbledon final.

“Obviously I haven’t been in a Grand Slam final before, but I’ve experienced a lot of moments similar and a lot of high-stakes matches,” Anisimova said of what lies ahead.

“I always tell myself ahead of the game to enjoy every moment, not really concentrate on the finish line or the outcome, and just to really stay in the present. So I’ll just keep telling myself that.”

Another good decision.

(Photo: Julian Finney / Getty Images)



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The White House just took its most aggressive stance yet against Jerome Powell

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CNN
 — 

The Trump administration’s intensifying campaign against Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell hit a boiling point Thursday.

Just two weeks after President Donald Trump sent a handwritten letter to Powell demanding lower interest rates, Russell Vought, Trump’s director of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), accused Powell of breaking the law by failing to comply with government oversight regulations and lying to Congress about details of an approximately $2.5 billion planned renovation of the Fed’s headquarters.

“The President is extremely troubled by your management of the Federal Reserve System,” Vought wrote in a letter he posted to social media Thursday. “Instead of attempting to right the Fed’s fiscal ship, you have plowed ahead with an ostentatious overhaul of your Washington D.C. headquarters.”

For months, Trump has berated Powell, whom he appointed during his first term, and called him insulting names. The president has lately taken to calling Powell by the nickname “Too Late” for failing to recognize the 2022 inflation crisis fast enough and failing to slash interest rates as inflation has cooled down. Earlier this month, Trump suggested that Powell should resign in a social media post.

While some central banks, such as the European Central Bank and the Bank of Mexico, have lowered their benchmark lending rate a few times this year, the Fed has not. One big reason for that is the major policy shifts since Trump took office. Officials have said they want to see how those changes affect the economy first before considering further rate cuts.

Powell for his part has avoided responding to Trump’s harsh criticism, noting that the Fed is only focused on successfully taming inflation and preserving the labor market’s health.

CNN has reached out to the Federal Reserve for comment.

The latest criticism about the rising costs of the Fed’s headquarters may signal the administration is laying the groundwork to justify firing Powell, said Ed Mills, a policy analyst at Raymond James.

“The Supreme Court has made it very clear in their rulings that they would not support the president firing Powell,” Mills said. “So they can either find a reason to fire him for cause, or you create enough of a negative environment that Powell says, ‘it’s no longer worth it, I’m out.’”

However, firing Powell could send financial markets reeling: Mills warned that markets would not respond well to any indication that Powell, or another Fed chair, had lost their independence and was under the control of the president.

“I do think this could have the opposite impact of what they think it could,” Mills said. “If markets lose faith in the independence of the Fed, rates don’t go lower, they go higher.”

So the latest missive may instead be an effort to undermine Powell and turn sentiment against him.

Vought isn’t the only Trump administration official to slam Powell recently. In the past two weeks, Peter Navarro, the senior counselor for trade and manufacturing, wrote an op-ed calling Powell one of the worst Fed chairs in history; and Bill Pulte, head of the Federal Housing Finance Agency, called on Congress to investigate Powell.

“They are trying to pressure him in every way they can to resign,” said Alan Blinder, a former Fed vice chair, of Powell. “I don’t believe he will and I don’t believe he should.”

A White House official told CNN that the president’s frequent attacks on Powell are Trump’s way of venting his frustrations about the Fed chair. The official also said OMB’s decision to open an investigation is not a way to lay the groundwork for Powell’s firing.

“I am not aware of a broader scheme to use that as a way to push Powell out,” the official said.

Powell’s critics have increasingly raised concerns about a planned renovation of the central bank’s office buildings and Powell’s recent testimony to Congress about the construction work.

The cost estimate for those projects swelled to $2.5 billion this year, compared to earlier plans that said it would cost $1.9 billion. A 2023 Fed budget document attributed some of the additional cost to “significant increases in raw materials… higher labor costs, and changes in construction schedule expectations which lengthen use of leased space.”

While testifying before the Senate in June, Powell pushed back on criticism that the remodeling was excessive, saying, “there’s no VIP dining room, there’s no new marble… there are no special elevators, just old elevators that have been there.”

Vought accused Powell of lying in his testimony and said the Fed’s renovation did not comply with federal oversight regulations. However, the Federal Reserve has its own budget and set of rules, separate from the federal government’s.

President Trump has made it clear that he prefers a Fed chair who will lower interest rates, but the Fed hasn’t voted to cut rates since December.

Trump and his allies have said the Fed’s decision to keep rates steady is politically motivated, but Powell has signaled Trump’s tariff policy – and its potential to stoke inflation – have played a role.

When asked earlier this month whether the Fed would have cut rates by now if it weren’t for significant policy changes by the Trump administration, Powell responded, “I do think that’s right.”

However, Powell also noted that a majority of Fed officials to expect they will reduce rates later this year.

That may not be soon enough for Trump. Last month, Trump said he may announce his pick to succeed Powell, whose term ends in May 2026, “very soon.”

Even without firing Powell outright, such a move could undermine the markets’ confidence in the Fed, said Blinder, especially if the incoming chair pledges to lower interest rates.

“One obvious effect is it could raise inflationary expectations, meaning the market will raise interest rates,” Blinder said. “I think it could be a way for the president of the United States to push monetary policy.”

CNN’s Phil Mattingly, Matt Egan, Alayna Treene and Bryan Mena contributed to reporting.

This story has been updated with additional context and developments.



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