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Past life on Mars? NASA rover finds strongest hints yet in Martian rocks

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CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. (AP) — NASA’s Mars rover Perseverance has uncovered rocks in a dry river channel that may hold potential signs of ancient microscopic life, scientists reported Wednesday.

They stressed that in-depth analysis is needed of the sample gathered there by Perseverance — ideally in labs on Earth — before reaching any conclusions.

While acknowledging the latest analysis “certainly is not the final answer,” NASA’s science mission chief Nicky Fox said it’s ”the closest we’ve actually come to discovering ancient life on Mars.”

Roaming Mars since 2021, the rover cannot directly detect life, past or present. Instead, it carries a drill to penetrate rocks and tubes to hold the samples gathered from places judged most suitable for hosting life billions of years ago. The samples are awaiting retrieval to Earth — an ambitious plan that’s on hold as NASA seeks cheaper, quicker options.

Calling it an “exciting discovery,” a pair of scientists who were not involved in the study — SETI Institute’s Janice Bishop and the University of Massachusetts Amherst’s Mario Parente — were quick to point out that non-biological processes could be responsible.

“That’s part of the reason why we can’t go so far as to say, ‘A-ha, this is proof positive of life,’’’ lead researcher Joel Hurowitz of Stony Brook University told The Associated Press. “All we can say is one of the possible explanations is microbial life, but there could be other ways to make this set of features that we see.”

Either way, Hurowitz said it’s the best, most compelling candidate yet in the rover’s search for potential signs of long-ago life. It was the 25th sample gathered; the tally is now up to 30. The findings appeared in the journal Nature.

“It would be amazing to be able to demonstrate conclusively that these features were formed by something that was alive on another planet billions of years ago, right?” Hurowitz said. But even if that’s not the case, it’s “a valuable lesson in all of the ways that nature can conspire to fool us.”

Collected last summer, the sample is from reddish, clay-rich mudstones in Neretva Vallis, a river channel that once carried water into Jezero Crater. This outcrop of sedimentary rock, known as the Bright Angel formation, was surveyed by Perseverance’s science instruments before the drill came out.

Along with organic carbon, a building block of life, Hurowitz and his team found minuscule specks, dubbed poppy seeds and leopard spots, that were enriched with iron phosphate and iron sulfide. On Earth, these chemical compounds are the byproducts when microorganisms chomp down on organic matter.

“There is no evidence of microbes on Mars today, but if any had been present on ancient Mars, they too might have reduced sulfate minerals to form sulfides in such a lake at Jezero Crater,” Bishop and Parente wrote in an accompanying editorial.

There’s no evidence of present-day life on Mars, but NASA over the decades has sent spacecraft to Mars in search of past watery environments that might have supported life way back when.

When Perseverance launched in 2020, NASA expected the samples back on Earth by the early 2030s. But that date slipped into the 2040s as costs swelled to $11 billion, stalling the retrieval effort.

Until the samples are transported off of Mars by robotic spacecraft or astronauts, scientists will have to rely on Earthly stand-ins and lab experiments to evaluate the feasibility of ancient Martian life, according to Hurowitz.

NASA’s acting Administrator Sean Duffy said budgets and timing will dictate how best to proceed, and even raised the possibility of sending sophisticated equipment to Mars to analyze the samples on the red planet. “All options are on the table,” he said.

Ten of the titanium sample tubes gathered by Perseverance were placed on the Martian surface a few years ago as a backup to the rest aboard the rover, all part of NASA’s still fuzzy return mission.

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The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. The AP is solely responsible for all content.





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FIFA responds to Zohran Mamdani’s World Cup ticket price demands

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FIFA responded to New York mayoral hopeful Zohran Mamdani’s campaign to get soccer’s global governing body to drop its plan for dynamic pricing for next year’s World Cup, jointly being hosted by the United States, Canada and Mexico. 

The Democrat socialist launched a petition Tuesday night that he called “Game Over Greed” and demanded FIFA not use the pricing model, cap resale ticket prices and put aside 15 percent of tickets at a discounted rate for local residents. 

In a statement provided to The Post on Wednesday, a FIFA spokesperson defended dynamic pricing as a “developing market practice” and said that it would be setting aside tickets for “specific fan categories” that will be at a “fixed price.” 

Mayoral candidate Zohran Mamdani wants FIFA to change the dynamic pricing model for the 2026 World Cup. Luiz C. Ribeiro for New York Post

“The pricing model adopted generally reflects the existing and developing market practice in our co-hosts for major entertainment and sporting events on a daily basis, soccer included,” the spokesperson said. “We are focused on ensuring fair access to our game for existing but also prospective fans, and are offering group stage tickets starting at $60, a very competitive price point for a major global sporting event in the U.S.”

In a video posted to social media on Tuesday night, Mamdani expressed concerns that tickets to World Cup matches — in particular ones taking place at MetLife Stadium — would be resold at an exorbitant rate on an official FIFA-run secondary market ticket platform. 

And the mayoral frontrunner accused FIFA of using the World Cup as “opportunities for profit, as opposed to opportunities to extend this to the people who make this game so special” during a press conference at St. James Park in The Bronx on Wednesday. 

The 33-year-old state assemblyman representing Queens said the petition has already drawn thousands of signatures after it went live on his campaign website Tuesday night. 

The FIFA World Cup is taking place next summer in North America. REUTERS

Wednesday marked the start of the ticket pre-sale signup window for the 2026 World Cup, which will have eight matches, including the final, take place at MetLife Stadium next summer. 

FIFA confirmed earlier this month that it would be using dynamic pricing for the 2026 World Cup, with the cheapest ticket prices for the group stage starting at $60 and reaching up to $6,730 for the priciest ticket for the final, which MetLife Stadium is hosting. 

Soccer’s governing body is expected to rake in $3 billion from ticket sales from the 2026 World Cup, The Athletic reported

The spokesperson for FIFA insisted that the official resale platform allowed fans a “safe and secure method” to sell and buy tickets within the bounds of U.S. law. 

NYC Mayoral candidate Zohran Mamdani holds a press conference on a soccer field in the Bronx to discuss the up coming World Cup games which will be hosted by city. Matthew McDermott

They also described it as “necessary to have a ticketing model that reflects our responsibility to provide access to fans, while at the same time ensuring as much value as possible is retained for redistribution into the game globally.”

“It is important to note, as a not-for-profit organization, the revenue FIFA generates from the World Cup is reinvested to fuel the growth of the game (men, women, youth) throughout FIFA’s 211 member associations globally,” the spokesperson continued. “As a matter of fact, FIFA expects to reinvest more than 90 percent of its budgeted investments for the cycle 2023-2026 back in the game to significantly boost global football development.

“Without FIFA’s financial support more than 50 percent of FIFA’s Member Associations could not operate.”



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Musk loses crown as world’s richest to software giant Larry Ellison

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NEW YORK (AP) — The battle among billionaires for bragging rights as the world’s richest person got heated Wednesday with the surprising surge of an old contender: Larry Ellison.

In a stunning few minutes after markets opened, stock in Ellison’s Oracle Corp. rocketed more than a third, enough for him to temporarily wrest the title from its longtime holder Elon Musk and hand it to the software giant’s co-founder.

But the stock market is fickle, and Musk was back on top by the end of the day, at least according to Bloomberg, as Oracle gave up a bit of its earlier gains.

For those keeping score, the difference now is a billion, which isn’t much given the size of the figures: Musk’s $384.2 billion versus $383.2 billion for Ellison.

The dueling fortunes are so big each could fund the lifestyles of 5 million typical American families for a year, about the entire population of Florida, allowing them to all quit their jobs. Or they could just tell all of South Africa to take a vacation for year and produce nothing, based on its gross domestic product.

The brief switch in the ranking came after a blockbuster earnings report from Oracle powered by multibillion dollar orders from customers as the artificial-intelligence race heats up.

Musk became the world’s richest person for the first time four years ago. A big reason is his stake in a hot, but now cooling, electric car maker, Tesla.

Stock in the company has been moving in the opposite direction of Oracle’s, dropping 14% so far this year. Musk also controls several private companies, including rocket maker SpaceX, his artificial intelligence company xAI and the former Twitter, now called X.

Ellison owns about 40% of Oracle, which means its surging stock added $100 billion to his net worth in little over a half-hour after the stock market opened.

The night before after trading had closed the company announced in an earnings report that it had struck more than $300 billion worth of new deals, including contracts with the OpenAI, Meta, Nvidia and Musk’s xAI. It said that it now expects revenue from its cloud infrastructure business to jump 77% to $18 billion this fiscal year. then rise to $144 billion in four years after that.

Ellison said in an earnings call that Oracle would not just be making money from its computing centers that help build the next chatbots, but from the day-to-day running of those AI systems to run robots in factories, design drugs in laboratories, place bets in financial markets and automate legal and sales work at companies.

In other words, Ellison’s surge in wealth Wednesday morning reflected investor expectations that computers will take over many jobs now done by humans — and Oracle will benefit.

Or as the 81 year old said on the call, “AI Changes Everything.”

Musk is hoping the same for Tesla and his own net worth, but he’s been struggling to convince investors.

The company had been promising a big turnaround in electric car sales after they fell sharply earlier this year, but the bounce back hasn’t happened. Musk has been downplaying the bad numbers by trying to shift investors’ focus to Tesla’s other business of making robots and advances in the artificial intelligence behind its cars and robotaxis.

While he keeps talking up the Tesla future, though, the bad news keeps coming.

Tesla sales in the European Union plunged 40% earlier this summer, the seventh month in row of drops, as customers balked at buying his cars after he took to X to support extreme right-wing politicians there. The company has been losing market share in the U.S., too, as buyers angry with his embrace of Donald Trump have stayed away from Tesla showrooms.

Oracle stock closed Wednesday at $328.33, a 36% jump. Tesla was up less than 1% at $347.79.

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AP writers Matt O’Brien in Providence, R.I., and Michael Liedtke in San Francisco contributed to this story.





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Supreme Court lets transgender student in South Carolina continue using boys’ bathroom at school for now

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Washington — The Supreme Court on Wednesday gave the green light for a transgender boy to continue using the restroom at his South Carolina school that corresponds with his gender identity while his legal challenge to a state ban continues.

The court declined a request from South Carolina officials to freeze a federal appeals court decision that blocked enforcement of its policy on transgender students’ restroom use solely against the ninth-grader, identified in court papers as John Doe. The state conditions funding on a school’s compliance with a rule prohibiting transgender students from using the facilities that align with their gender identity.

In an unsigned order, the court said its denial is “not a ruling on the merits of the legal issues presented in the litigation. Rather, it is based on the standards applicable for obtaining emergency relief from this Court.” Justices Clarence Thomas, Samuel Alito and Neil Gorsuch said they would have granted South Carolina’s request.

“Today’s decision from the Supreme Court reaffirms what we all know to be true: Contrary to South Carolina’s insistence, trans students are not emergencies. They are not threats. They are young people looking to learn and grow at school, despite the state-mandated hostility they too often face,” Alexandra Brodsky, litigation director for Public Justice’s Students’ Civil Rights Project, which is representing the student, said in a statement. “We are so thrilled that our client will continue to be able to use boys’ restrooms while his appeal continues, and hope today’s decision will provide hope to other trans students and their families during these difficult times.”

The restriction was first included by South Carolina’s General Assembly in a spending bill for fiscal year 2024 to 2025. State lawmakers renewed the ban in its latest spending measure for the new fiscal year, and it took effect July 1.

Last November, Doe, a transgender student who was enrolled at a public school in Berkeley County, South Carolina, and his parents filed a lawsuit alleging that the state’s restroom policy violates the Constitution’s Equal Protection Clause and Title IX.

But this summer, after the Supreme Court in June upheld a Tennessee law restricting access to gender-affirming care for minors experiencing gender dysphoria, a South Carolina district court paused Doe’s case and denied a request from Doe to block the measure while litigation continues. The judge’s order also came after the Supreme Court said it will consider in its next term, which starts in October, whether states can prohibit transgender athletes from competing on girls’ and women’s athletics teams.

Doe appealed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 4th Circuit, and last month, the court granted an injunction as to Doe. The 4th Circuit blocked South Carolina and its Department of Education from enforcing compliance with its policy forbidding transgender students from using restrooms that correspond with their gender identities, but only as applied to Doe.

The 4th Circuit cited in its ruling its 2020 decision in a case brought by Gavin Grimm, a transgender student who challenged his school’s restroom policy. The appeals court found that his Virginia school board’s policy requiring transgender students to use restrooms that correspond with their biological sex was unlawful.

Grimm’s case had been before the Supreme Court in 2017, but the court sent the dispute back to the lower courts. Then, in 2021, the high court declined to take up the case for a second time, leaving the 4th Circuit ruling in Grimm’s favor in place.

In blocking enforcement of South Carolina’s policy against John Doe, the 4th Circuit said that its decision in Grimm’s case “remains the law of this Circuit and is thus binding on all the district courts within it.”



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