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Nations deadlocked over plastic production limits in global treaty talks

GENEVA (AP) — Negotiations on a global treaty to end plastic pollution will draw to a close Friday, as nations remain deadlocked over whether to tackle the exponential growth of plastic production.
A new draft of the treaty was expected Thursday, the last scheduled day of negotiations, and a meeting for all of the delegates was scheduled. It was repeatedly postponed until just before midnight. Luis Vayas Valdivieso, the chair of the negotiating committee, called delegates to the assembly hall, but said consultations on the revised draft were still ongoing.
He adjourned in less than a minute and quickly left the stage. Some in the audience gasped. They will reconvene Friday.
Andreas Bjelland Eriksen, Norway’s minister for climate and the environment, said prolonging the meeting is much better than ending it Thursday. Norway and many other delegations have said the current treaty text is unacceptable.
“It means that the chair still believes that it’s possible to drive this process forward. That’s great,” he said.
The draft of the treaty released Wednesday wouldn’t limit plastic production or address chemicals used in plastic products.
Instead, it’s centered on proposals where there’s broad agreement — such as reducing the number of problematic plastic products that often enter the environment and are difficult to recycle, promoting the redesign of plastic products so they can be recycled and reused, and improving waste management.
It asks nations to make commitments to ending plastic pollution, rather than imposing global, legally-binding rules.
French President Emmanuel Macron said the “lack of ambition” in the draft treaty was unacceptable, and that agreeing to a global treaty against plastic pollution “is our opportunity to make a difference.”
“Every day, our health is more threatened. What are we waiting for to take action?” he wrote on LinkedIn. “I call on all states present in Geneva to adopt a text that meets the environmental and health emergency. For our health. For our environment. For our children.”
The talks involve representatives from 184 countries and more than 600 organizations.
About 100 countries want to limit production
Eriksen said Norway’s representatives won’t leave Geneva with “just any treaty.” Norway is helping to lead a coalition of countries called the High Ambition Coalition that want a comprehensive approach to ending plastic pollution, including reducing production.
“We are going to be flexible, but at the same time ambitious in our positions, and work with every single hour that we have left to bring this to a conclusion, a positive conclusion, because the world needs a plastics treaty now.”
Eriksen said he’ll stay “cautiously optimistic” until the bitter end.
Every year, the world makes more than 400 million tons of new plastic, and that could grow by about 70% by 2040 without policy changes. About 100 countries want to limit production as well as tackle cleanup and recycling. Many have said it’s essential to address toxic chemicals.
Powerful oil and gas-producing nations and the plastics industry oppose production limits. They want a treaty focused on better waste management and reuse. They have raised different concerns with the draft text, saying it doesn’t have the scope they want to set the parameters of the treaty or precise definitions.
Proposals on plastic products
Luay Almukhtar, head of Iraq’s delegation, said Iraq would not support a treaty that reduces the production of polymers used to make plastics because it’s not in their interest and it could negatively impact society and economies.
But he said Iraq supports restricting certain chemical additives for some applications and reducing some single-use and short-lived plastic products. Limiting those products, in turn, would reduce plastic production, he added. He hopes to leave Geneva with a treaty.
“Plastic pollution is a big environmental issue and we have to work together to defeat it. That’s why we are here,” he said. “We try to be a bridge, in the middle, on this issue and we are also practical. It’s a balanced approach between environment and economy.”
Camila Zepeda, from Mexico’s Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources, said it doesn’t seem feasible at this stage to get a limit on production. But, she said, they want to see more in the treaty on sustainable production and consumption than the brief mention in the current preamble.
Mexico and Switzerland are also leading the push for the article to address problematic plastic products, including chemicals and single-use plastics.
“We are on the final stretch, but we remain hopeful and we remain committed to making sure that we’re putting back in the text some provisions that will allow us to to strengthen it, to deliver, and to have an impact,” she said.
Sixth round of talks
It’s the sixth time nations are meeting and the 10th day of negotiations. Talks last year in South Korea were supposed to be the final round, but they adjourned in December at an impasse over cutting production.
Some in attendance wondered whether the outcome in Geneva will be the same.
Sivendra Michael, Fiji’s permanent secretary for environment and climate change, emphatically rejected the idea of another meeting. It is costly, unfair, and tedious to travel so far to continuously restate positions, he said Thursday. He said he firmly believed this meeting should conclude with a formal treaty that will be acceptable to all.
However, Hiwot Hailu, chief of staff for the Environmental Protection Authority of Ethiopia, said Ethiopia supports meeting again if nations can’t reach agreement on financing the accord and addressing the full lifecycle of plastics, including production, design and disposal.
It would be better to not have a treaty, rather than a weak one, Hailu said.
Jessika Roswall, the European commissioner for the environment, said the treaty must cover the full lifecycle of plastics and be able to evolve over time with science.
“A weak, static agreement serves no one,” she said in a statement. “The next few hours will show whether we can rise to the moment.”
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The Associated Press’ climate and environmental coverage receives financial support from multiple private foundations. AP is solely responsible for all content. Find AP’s standards for working with philanthropies, a list of supporters and funded coverage areas at AP.org.
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President Michael Schill announces resignation

Michael Schill announced today that he will step down from the presidency of Northwestern University, concluding a three-year tenure that saw continued ascension across the University’s three campuses, record fundraising and a steady rise in national rankings of the best universities in the country.
“Over the past three years, it has been my profound honor to serve as president of Northwestern University,” Schill said in a message to the community a short time ago. “In that time, our community has made significant progress while simultaneously facing extraordinary challenges. Together, we have made decisions that strengthened the institution and helped safeguard its future.”
He also acknowledged myriad challenges, including an ongoing federal research funding freeze and other issues.
“As I reflect on the progress we have made and what lies ahead, I believe now is the right time for new leadership to guide Northwestern into its next chapter,” Schill said in his message. “Therefore, I have decided, in consultation with the leadership of the Board of Trustees, that I will step down as President.”
The Board of Trustees will name an interim president soon. Schill will continue in his role until the interim president starts and will work until then to assure a smooth transition. He also will continue to work with the Board of Trustees on efforts to get the University’s frozen federal funding restored. After stepping down, Schill will take a sabbatical from the University, then return to teach and conduct research as a faculty member at Northwestern Pritzker School of Law.
Board of Trustees Chair Peter Barris praised Schill for his leadership and devotion to Northwestern through turbulent times.
“The Board of Trustees is enormously grateful to President Schill for his leadership during a period of unparalleled challenges at Northwestern and across higher education,” said Barris. “In spite of many headwinds, President Schill and his administration worked diligently to defend Northwestern’s mission and accomplished lasting achievements that contribute robustly to Northwestern’s continued advancement among the great universities in the United States and around the globe.”
Schill was named Northwestern’s 17th president in August 2022 and took over the position that September.
Under Schill’s leadership, Northwestern climbed to No. 6 in the U.S. News & World Report national rankings, the highest ranking in the University’s history. He also oversaw the second- and third-highest fundraising years on record in Fiscal Years 2024 and 2025. During his tenure, the University raised nearly $2.5 billion overall.
Among his other accomplishments, President Schill:
- Led efforts to ensure the continuation of funding for critical research during a federal funding freeze;
- Helped establish academic and research centers, positioning the University as a leader in the sciences, including the Pat & Shirley Ryan Family Research Acceleration Fund, the Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Chicago, the Querrey Simpson Institute for Regenerative Engineering, the National Institute for Theory and Mathematics in Biology, the Northwestern Network for Collaborative Intelligence, and the NSF-Simons AI Institute for the Sky;
- Promoted free expression and engagement across difference, including the launch of the Litowitz Center for Enlightened Disagreement and the establishment of the President’s Advisory Committee on Free Expression and Institutional Speech, which submitted a Statement on Free Expression and Institutional Speech;
- Oversaw major capital projects, including the Social Science and Global Affairs Hub, the restoration of Deering Library, the new Ryan Field, the Kip and Sara Kirkpatrick Softball Stadium, the Cohen Lawn project, and the groundbreaking for a new building to unite the Kellogg School of Management’s many degree and executive programs.
“These achievements reflect the collective brilliance and devotion of many,” President Schill said in his message to the community.
“I’m forever grateful to President Schill for his service to Northwestern,” said Professor Eli Finkel, who served on the President’s Advisory Committee on Free Expression and Institutional Speech, and co-directs the Litowitz Center for Enlightened Disagreement.
“President Schill has demonstrated exceptional grace in exceptional times, and he has been a stalwart defender of the most foundational academic virtues: open inquiry, passionate engagement, and a fierce commitment to the belief that intellectually diverse communities become so much more than the sum of their parts.”
“President Schill’s support and leadership have been vital for Northwestern’s scientific initiatives, like the Giant Magellan Telescope partnership and prioritizing data science and AI research and education for the University,” said Vicky Kalogera, professor of physics and astronomy and a key scientific leader in Northwestern’s Giant Magellan Telescope initiative.
“These efforts help unlock the University’s ability to make groundbreaking advances in science and engineering, now and for years to come,” said Kalogera, who also serves as director of the Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics, and of the newly established SkAI Institute, the NSF-Simons National AI Institute for the Sky.
Schill also guided the University through a hazing scandal that began before his tenure but came to light shortly after he arrived on campus. In response, the University instituted new rules and practices to protect student-athletes.
He also dealt with unrest on campus after the Oct. 7, 2023, Hamas attack on Israel and Israel’s response. In the months after the attack, the University updated its policies to curb antisemitism on its campuses, resulting in a dramatic decrease in the number of reported incidents.
“It has been my privilege to work alongside extraordinary colleagues and to witness firsthand the resilience, generosity and strength of the Northwestern community,” Schill said. “I would like to thank my extraordinary administrative team who work tirelessly to further the interests of the University, our deans and academic leadership who promote the highest ideals of academic excellence, the faculty and staff who make Northwestern one of the greatest academic institutions in the world, and the many board members, alumni and donors who care so much about our University. And lastly, I appreciate our students, who I am confident will go on to change the world for the better.”
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PFT’s Week 1 2025 NFL picks: Florio vs. Simms

We’re back, baby.
It’s Florio vs. Simms. Picking every game. Straight up and against the spread.
Here they are, starting with the first game of the season, to be played tonight in Philadelphia. As the Eagles, unbeknownst to coach Nick Sirianni, hang their second banner.
And this season will get off to a bang. We disagree on seven picks, with Simms picking seven underdogs to win, straight up.
Cowboys at Eagles
Will the Cowboys rally following the Micah Parsons trade and throw a wrench in Philly’s big night? Much of it comes down to the ability of new coach Brian Schottenheimer to push their buttons in a way that allows them to outscore a better team.
Florio’s pick: Eagles 30, Cowboys 17.
Simms’s pick: Eagles 27, Cowboys 20.
Chiefs at Chargers
Is the Chiefs’ window closing? The Chargers get the first crack at commencing the process of closing it. It won’t be easy.
Florio’s pick: Chiefs 21, Chargers 17.
Simms’s pick: Chiefs 28, Chargers 24.
Buccaneers at Falcons
The Falcons swept the Bucs last year, in a couple of barnburners. The chronically underrated Bucs are well aware of that fact.
Florio’s pick: Buccaneers 30, Falcons 24.
Simms’s pick: Falcons 23, Buccaneers 20.
Bengals at Browns
The Bengals break free from their early-season struggles, against a rival who is poised to struggle all year long.
Florio’s pick: Bengals 31, Browns 17.
Simms’s pick: Bengals 27, Browns 24.
Dolphins at Colts
It will be an emotional day in Indy, with the first regular-season game following the passing of owner Jim Irsay. That could be the difference for Daniel Jones and his new team.
Florio’s pick: Colts 23, Dolphins 20.
Simms’s pick: Dolphins 24, Colts 21.
Panthers at Jaguars
It’s a battle of recently former Buccaneers’ offensive coordinators. The home team gets the edge.
Florio’s pick: Jaguars 24, Panthers 20.
Simms’s pick: Jaguars 28, Panthers 20.
Raiders at Patriots
A Raiders owner has a statue outside Gillette Stadium. The Raiders could use him on the inside of the stadium against an improving Pats team.
Florio’s pick: Patriots 23, Raiders 17.
Simms’s pick: Patriots 23, Raiders 17.
Cardinals at Saints
Both teams are a work in progress. The visitors have made more progress, so far.
Florio’s pick: Cardinals 21, Saints 17.
Simms’s pick: Cardinals 24, Saints 20.
Steelers at Jets
The Steelers didn’t make several all-in moves to lose out of the gates to an inferior roster.
Florio’s pick: Steelers 24, Jets 10.
Simms’s pick: Steelers 20, Jets 16.
Giants at Commanders
The Commanders have expectations, for the first time in a long time.
Florio’s pick: Commanders 27, Giants 17.
Simms’s pick: Giants 21, Commanders 17.
Titans at Broncos
It’s a tough draw for Cam Ward and company, because the Broncos could be forcing their way into the Super Bowl window.
Florio’s pick: Broncos 28, Titans 20.
Simms’s pick: Broncos 28, Titans 17.
49ers at Seahawks
As Christian McCaffrey goes, so go the 49ers.
Florio’s pick: 49ers 27, Seahawks 20.
Simms’s pick: Seahawks 23, 49ers 20.
Lions at Packers
The trade for Micah Parsons could give the rest of the Packers a lift. The front office sees them as a potentially elite team. They get a chance right away to prove it — and to end a three-game home losing streak to Detroit.
Florio’s pick: Packers 24, Lions 20.
Simms’s pick: Lions 28, Packers 27.
Texans at Rams
Matthew Stafford is healthy, for now. The Rams have a Super Bowl glow. The Texans, during their recent resurgence, don’t have many impressive road wins against great teams.
Florio’s pick: Rams 24, Texans 20.
Simms’s pick: Texans 24, Rams 20.
Ravens at Bills
Lamar Jackson in regular-season prime-time games is virtually unstoppable.
Florio’s pick: Ravens 30, Bills 27.
Simms’s pick: Ravens 30, Bills 21.
Vikings at Bears
Can Ben Johnson make an immediate difference for the Bears?
Florio’s pick: Vikings 24, Bears 20.
Simms’s pick: Bears 23, Vikings 20.
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France’s Macron says 26 countries pledge troops for an reassurance force for Ukraine

KYIV, Ukraine (AP) — French President Emmanuel Macron said Thursday that 26 of Ukraine’s allies have pledged to deploy troops as a “reassurance force” for the war-torn country once fighting ends in the conflict with Russia.
Macron spoke after a meeting in Paris of the so-called “coalition of the willing,” a group of 35 countries who support Ukraine. He said that 26 of the countries had committed to deploying troops in Ukraine — or to maintaining a presence on land, at sea, or in the air — to help guarantee the country’s security the day after a ceasefire or peace is achieved.
Earlier Thursday, Macron and other European leaders met with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy and the U.S. envoy for peace talks, Steve Witkoff, to discuss ways of ensuring long-term military support and continued American backing for Ukraine once the conflict ends. Zelenskyy also held a closed-door meeting with Witkoff.
Macron said at a news conference alongside Zelenskyy that the reassurance force “does not have the will or the objective of waging war against Russia,” but will aim “to prevent any new major aggression and to involve the 26 states very clearly in the lasting security of Ukraine.”
Macron and Zelenskyy say US backs the plan
Though details of any U.S. participation in the security guarantees remain unclear, both Macron and Zelenskyy said Washington had expressed willingness to be part of the plan, and the Ukrainian president said he was grateful about that. “As for in what format, I am not yet ready to tell you in detail,” Zelenskyy added.
“The planning work will be finalized with the United States,” Macron said.
Macron and British Prime Minister Keir Starmer, who lead the “coalition of the willing,” previously have insisted that any European “reassurance” force in Ukraine needs the backing of the United States.
The European leaders — some of whom joined the meeting virtually — said Russian President Vladimir Putin must now work toward ending the fighting, and the German government suggested European sanctions on Russia would increase if Moscow drags its feet. The European leaders also spoke by phone with U.S. President Donald Trump after their meeting.
Starmer’s office said the British prime minister “emphasized that the group had an unbreakable pledge to Ukraine, with President Trump’s backing, and it was clear they now needed to go even further to apply pressure on Putin to secure a cessation of hostilities.”
Trump phone call
Finnish President Alexander Stubb told Finnish media that, in the phone conversation with European leaders, Trump emphasized the need to put economic pressure on Russia, and said Europe must stop buying Russian oil and gas that he said was funding the war.
Trump stressed that Russia received €1.1 billion in fuel sales from the EU in one year, according to a White House official. Trump also emphasized that European leaders must place economic pressure on China for indirectly funding Russia’s war efforts, according to the official, who was not authorized to comment publicly about the private talks and spoke on the condition of anonymity.
German government spokesman Stefan Kornelius said that German Chancellor Friedrich Merz laid out three “areas of action,” including working toward a summit that would include Zelenskyy, and “a ceasefire must be agreed there.”
“If the Russian side continues to play for time, Europe will increase the pressure of sanctions to increase the chances of a diplomatic solution,” the statement said.
The Ukrainian president said a meeting with Putin is needed. “This is not a matter of a desire, this is a matter of necessity,” Zelenskyy said. “We support any format, bilateral meeting, trilateral meeting, I believe that Russia does everything to defer it.”
There was no immediate reaction from Russian officials.
Putin — isolated by Western leaders but backed by China in his war effort — said Wednesday that he believed “if common sense prevails, it is possible to agree on an acceptable option for ending the conflict,” adding that Trump has “a sincere desire” to reach a settlement.
Positive signals
In a policy shift earlier this month, the U.S. sent positive signals over its readiness to support security guarantees for Ukraine that resemble NATO’s collective defense mandate, Zelenskyy previously has said. It is unclear what that support would look like in practice. Ukraine is hoping for continued U.S. intelligence sharing and air support.
NATO Secretary-General Mark Rutte said that a broad coalition of nations is needed to support Ukraine’s defense against Russian aggression, but also to strengthen Europe to deter further military action by Moscow.
Citing European military and intelligence officials who have warned of Russian plans to strike other European countries, Rutte said that “we have to make sure that our deterrence is such that they will never try, knowing that our reaction will be devastating.”
Rutte also called for the world to “not be naive about Russia.”
“We know what Putin tries to do and and the evidence is there in Ukraine as we speak,” he said.
Meanwhile, in Ukraine, Russia fired 112 strike and decoy drones across the country overnight Thursday, according to Ukraine’s Air Force morning report. Air defenses intercepted or jammed 84 drones, the statement said.
Russia on Thursday announced that it was expelling an Estonian diplomat in a tit-for-tat move after Estonia declared a Russian diplomat persona non grata last month.
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Petrequin reported from London. Associated Press reporters from across the globe contributed to this report.
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