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Lifestyle changes and vaccination ‘could prevent most liver cancer cases’ | Cancer

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Three in five liver cancer cases globally could be prevented by reducing obesity and alcohol consumption and increasing uptake of the hepatitis vaccine, a study has found.

The Lancet Commission on liver cancer found that most cases were preventable if alcohol consumption, fatty liver disease and levels of viral hepatitis B and C were reduced.

The commission set out several recommendations for policymakers, which it estimated could reduce the incidence of liver cancer cases by 2% to 5% each year by 2050, preventing 9m to 17m new cases of liver cancer and saving 8 million to 15 million lives.

Prof Jian Zhou at Fudan University in China, who led the research, said: “Liver cancer is a growing health issue around the world. It is one of the most challenging cancers to treat, with five-year survival rates ranging from approximately 5% to 30%. We risk seeing close to a doubling of cases and deaths from liver cancer over the next quarter of a century without urgent action to reverse this trend.”

Liver cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer death. The number of deaths is predicted to grow from 760,000 in 2022 to 1.37 million in 2050.

Previous analyses have predicted that the number of new liver cancer cases will nearly double from 870,000 in 2022 to 1.52m in 2050, mostly due to population growth and ageing populations, with the largest increases expected in Africa. At present, more than 40% of the global liver cancer cases occur in China due to its relatively high rates of hepatitis B infections.

One of the fastest growing causes of liver cancer globally is fatty liver disease, and this is expected to rise because of increasing rates of obesity.

One-third of the global population is estimated to have metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) – previously known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, where fat builds up in a person’s liver – though it can be prevented by eating a balanced diet, being physically active and potentially losing weight.

Only 20% to 30% of people with MASLD go on to develop the more severe form, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), which can lead to liver cancer. The commission said the proportion of liver cancer cases associated with MASH was projected to increase from 8% in 2022 to 11% in 2050.

The second fastest growing cause is alcohol, with associated liver cases projected to increase from 19% in 2022 to 21% in 2050. In contrast, the proportion of liver cancer cases linked to hepatitis B is expected to decrease from 39% in 2022 to 37% in 2050, while hepatitis C-related cases are projected to drop from 29% to 26%.

The commission author Prof Hashem B El-Serag of Baylor College of Medicine in the US said: “Liver cancer was once thought to occur mainly in patients with viral hepatitis or alcohol-related liver disease. However, today, rising rates of obesity are an increasing risk factor for liver cancer, primarily due to the increase in cases of excess fat around the liver.”

The commission’s recommendations included that governments boost HBV vaccination and implement universal screening for adults; introduce minimum alcohol unit pricing and sugar taxes along with warning labels; invest in early detection of liver damage and cancer; and improve palliative care for sufferers.

The commission author Prof Valérie Paradis of Beaujon hospital in France said: “There is an urgent need to raise awareness within society about the severity of the growing health issue of rising liver cancer cases.

“Compared with other cancers, liver cancer is very hard to treat but has more distinct risk factors, which help define specific prevention strategies. With joint and continuous efforts, we believe many liver cancer cases can be prevented, and both the survival and quality of patients with liver cancer will be considerably improved.”

Dr Matt Hoare, an associate professor in hepatology at the University of Cambridge’s Early Cancer Institute, said liver cancer was “unlike many other cancers” in that the death rate was still rising, with the causes varying by region.

He said public health policy changes have proven effective, since Japan had successfully reduced its death rate by implementing preventive policies and improving detection to find cancers earlier. His team is seeking to identify new ways to spot patients with liver disease who will develop cancer through DNA sequencing of the liver.



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US Open tennis 2025: Aryna Sabalenka beats Amanda Anisimova in women’s singles final – live | US Open Tennis 2025

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It’s a fourth grand slam title overall for Sabalenka and she’s the first player to successfully defend their US Open singles title since Serena Williams in 2014. Her record in her past six hard-court majors reads W/F/W/W/F/W. It’s almost Sinner-like.





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Mexican festivals in Chicago canceled amid Trump plans to deploy troops | Chicago

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Donald Trump’s plan to deploy national guard troops and federal immigration agents to Chicago is already having an impact on the city’s Mexican community.

Organizers have canceled several local events tied to Mexican Independence Day, which occurs on 16 September.

People of Mexican descent constitute about 21% of the city’s population, according to census data, and hold annual events around the holiday that attract thousands of people.

But Trump recently inaccurately described Chicago as “the most dangerous city in the world” and said: “We’re going in.”

The administration plans to send 230 agents, most of whom work for Customs and Border Protection, to Chicago from Los Angeles as part of an increased effort to make immigration arrests, the Chicago Sun-Times reported.

At least three events connected to the holiday have been canceled or postponed. Organizers decided to cancel El Grito Chicago, an event that drew 24,000 people last year, and was scheduled for 13-14 September.

“It was a painful decision, but holding El Grito Chicago at this time puts the safety of our community at stake – and that’s a risk we are unwilling to take,” the event’s website stated. “While we’re torn by this decision, when we brought this celebration back, our aim was to create a safe, affordable, family-friendly, community festival for all.”

The anxiety in the country’s third-largest city comes after Trump deployed national guard troops to Los Angeles and Washington DC.

Contrary to the president’s assertions, Chicago is not among the country’s most dangerous cities, and the number of homicides decreased from last year to this year, the Guardian reported.

Illinois had about 550,000 unauthorized immigrants in 2023, according to the Pew Research Center. The governor,JB Pritzker, said that he was concerned about Ice agents targeting attendees at the Mexican Independence Day events.

“We have reason to believe that Stephen Miller [the White House deputy chief of staff] chose the month of September to come to Chicago because of celebrations around Mexican Independence Day that happen here every year,” Pritzker said at a news conference.

In addition to El Grito, the Mexican Independence Day parade and festival in the suburb of Waukegan was postponed until November, and the Latin Heritage Fest in Wauconda was canceled, a local Fox affiliate reported.

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“It feels like a slap in the face,” Galiela Mendez, 25, told the Associated Press of the El Grito cancellation. “I think we are all on edge because it’s the same people that describe our home this way, but they never come here and see it for themselves.”

Despite the uncertainty, on Saturday morning, people attended a parade celebrating the holiday in one of the city’s primarily Mexican neighborhoods.

“My heart is like pounding a little bit because I don’t know what to expect today,” Magdalena Alvarado, a longtime Chicago resident, told the Associated Press.

Meanwhile, Trump posted on Truth Social that Chicago was about to find out “why it’s called the Department of War”.

Trump signed an executive order Friday authorizing that title for the Department of Defense.

The post, in reference to the film Apocalypse Now, also stated: “I love the smell of deportations in the morning.”

Pritzker responded on X, “The President of the United States is threatening to go to war with an American city. This is not a joke. This is not normal.”



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Cable snapped before crash, investigators say

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Alison Roberts & Henri AstierBBC News, in Lisbon and London

Reuters Wreckage of the funicular that crashed in Lisbon on WednesdayReuters

One of the two cabins hurtled down the steep road, derailed and crashed into a building

Portuguese officials investigating Wednesday’s deadly funicular crash in Lisbon say a cable along the railway’s route snapped, but the rest of the mechanism was functioning properly.

“After examining the wreckage at the site, it was immediately determined that the cable connecting the two carriages had given way,” a statement by the national transport safety office said.

The brakeman tried to apply emergency brakes but failed to prevent the derailment, the investigators add.

Sixteen people died and about 20 were injured when the upper carriage of the iconic yellow Glória funicular railway crashed into a building.

Five of those killed were Portuguese along with three Britons, two South Koreans, two Canadians, an American, a Ukrainian, a Swiss and a French national, police said.

The 140-year-old funicular is designed to travel up and down Lisbon’s steep slopes, and is an important form of transport for the city’s residents – and a popular tourist attraction.

Although the brakeman activated the pneumatic brakes and a manual brake when the cable came loose, it is not clear whether another, automatic brake came on as it was supposed to, the report states.

It says the carriage was travelling at about 60km/h (37mph) when it hit the building.

The seven-page statement also says the cable was only 337 days into its expected 600-day operational life.

It is still unclear how many victims were travelling on the carriage – which can hold about 40 passengers – and how many were on the street, the document states.

Six of those injured were admitted to intensive care, while three sustained minor injuries.

The investigators stress they have not reached “valid conclusions” about the cause of the crash and will provide a full preliminary report within 45 days.

Portugal’s Prime Minister Luis Montenegro described the incident as “one of the biggest tragedies of our recent past”.



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