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Learning by Doing: AI, Knowledge Transfer, and the Future of Skills  | American Enterprise Institute

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In a recent blog, I discussed Stanford University economist Erik Brynjolfsson’s new study showing that young college graduates are struggling to gain a foothold in a job market shaped by artificial intelligence (AI). His analysis found that, since 2022, early-career workers in AI-exposed roles have seen employment growth lag 13 percent behind peers in less-exposed fields. At the same time, experienced workers in the same jobs have held steady or even gained ground. The conclusion: AI isn’t eliminating work outright, but it is affecting the entry-level rungs that young workers depend on as they begin climbing career ladders.

The potential consequences of these findings, assuming they bear out, become clearer when read alongside Enrique Ide’s recent paper, Automation, AI, and the Intergenerational Transmission of Knowledge. Ide argues that when firms automate entry-level tasks, the opportunity for new workers to gain the tacit knowledge—the kind of workplace norms and rhythms of team-based work that aren’t necessarily written down—isn’t passed on. Thus, productivity gains accrue to seasoned workers while would-be novices lose the hands-on training they need to build the foundation for career progress. 

This short-circuiting of early career experiences, Ide says, has macro-economic consequences. He estimates that automating even five percent of entry-level tasks reduces long-run US output growth by an estimated 0.05 percentage points per year; at 30 percent automation, growth slows by more than 0.3 points. Over a hundred year timeline, this would reduce total output by 20 percent relative to a world without AI automation. In other words: automating the bottom rungs might lift firms’ quarterly performance, but at the cost of generational growth. 

This is where we need to pause and take a breath. While Ide’s results sound dramatic, it is critical to remember that the dynamics and consequences of AI adoption are unpredictable, and that a century is a very long time. For instance, who would have said in 2022 that one of the first effects of AI automation would be to benefit less tech-savvy boomer and Gen-X managers and harm freshly minted Gen-Z coders?

Given the history of positive, automation-induced wealth and employment effects, why would this time be different? 

Finally, it’s important to remember that in a dynamic market-driven economy, skill requirements are always changing and firms are always searching for ways to improve their efficiency relative to competitors. This is doubly true as we enter the era of cognitive, as opposed to physical, automation. AI-driven automation is part of the pathway to a more prosperous economy and society for ourselves and for future generations. As my AEI colleague Jim Pethokoukis recently said, “A supposedly powerful general-purpose technology that left every firm’s labor demand utterly unchanged wouldn’t be much of a GPT.”  Said another way, unless AI disrupts our economy and lives, it cannot deliver its promised benefits.

What then should we do? I believe the most important step we can take right now is to begin “stress-testing” our current workforce development policies and programs and building scenarios for how industry and government will respond should significant AI-related job disruptions occur. Such scenario planning could be shaped into a flexible “playbook” of options to guide policymakers geared to the types and numbers of affected workers. Such planning didn’t occur prior to the automation and trade shocks of the 1990s and 2000s with lasting consequences for factory workers and American society. We should try to make sure this doesn’t happen again with AI.

Pessimism is easy and cheap. We should resist the lure of social media-monetized AI doomerism and focus on building the future we want to see by preparing for and embracing change. 



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Back to School – With Help From AI – Terms of Service with Clare Duffy

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September 16, 2025

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Back to School – With Help From AI – Terms of Service with Clare Duffy – Podcast on CNN Podcasts


Kirk suspect reportedly confesses, Tesla stock, ‘tooth-in-eye’ surgery & more

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New technologies like artificial intelligence, facial recognition and social media algorithms are changing our world so fast that it can be hard to keep up. This cutting-edge tech often inspires overblown hype — and fear. That’s where we come in. Each week, CNN Tech Writer Clare Duffy will break down how these technologies work and what they’ll mean for your life in terms that don’t require an engineering degree to understand. And we’ll empower you to start experimenting with these tools, without getting played by them.

Back to School – With Help From AI

Terms of Service with Clare Duffy

Sep 16, 2025

Kids are heading back to school. One thing students, teachers and parents can expect to encounter this year is artificial intelligence, which has raised all kinds of questions, both positive and negative. So, how can you make sure your student is navigating AI safely and successfully? Dr. Kathleen Torregrossa has been an educator for 37 years in Cranston, Rhode Island. She explains how teachers are using AI in the classroom, and what families need to know about its impact on learning.  

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This episode includes a reference to suicide. Help is available if you or someone you know is struggling with suicidal thoughts or mental health matters. In the US: Call or text 988, the Suicide & Crisis Lifeline. Globally: The International Association for Suicide Prevention and Befrienders Worldwide have contact information for crisis centers.

CNN Sans ™ & © 2016 Cable News Network.



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Lewis Honors College introduces ‘Ideas that Matter’ program series

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September 16, 2025

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LEXINGTON, Ky. (Sept. 16, 2025) — This fall, the Lewis Honors College (LHC) launches its “Ideas that Matter” series, a program connecting students with leading scholars, innovators and changemakers on issues shaping today’s world — from free speech and artificial intelligence to nonprofit innovation.

LHC Director of College Life Libby Hannon, who initiated the series, said the goal is to spark lively dialogue.

“The ‘Ideas that Matter’ discussions combine intellectually engaging questions with interactive conversations and allow our students to speak with some of the most forward-thinking scholars, changemakers and entrepreneurs from Lexington and beyond,” Hannon said.

The series begins Sept. 18 with University Research Professor Neal Hutchens, Ph.D., who will explore the historical and legal background of free speech and academic freedom in campus life. His talk, 5-6 p.m. in the Lewis Scholars Lounge, will conclude with an interactive Q&A.

“I’m especially looking forward to the conversation part of the evening, where we engage in and model the kind of vibrant back-and-forth that is crucial to maintaining systems of free speech and academic freedom,” Hutchens said.

On Oct. 6, Lewis Lecturer Sherelle Roberts, Ph.D., will moderate a panel of experts on artificial intelligence as they discuss “The Future of Earth and AI,” including the current and potential impacts of artificial intelligence on the future of work, the economy and the environment.

“Artificial Intelligence is quickly becoming a part of our everyday lives. Some even believe AI will transform our world as dramatically as the Industrial Revolution,” Roberts said. “This event will get our students thinking critically about our possible AI-driven future, while also having some fun.”

The event will begin at 5:30 p.m. with movie snacks and will transition into the panel discussion at 6 p.m., featuring faculty and staff from a variety of disciplines. The movie, an animated film that conceptualizes our AI-powered future, will begin at 7 p.m.

The final event of the semester on Nov. 11, will spotlight local nonprofit Operation Secret Santa (OSS), 5-6 p.m. in the Lewis Scholars Lounge. Founder Katie Keys and honors program alum Lucy Jett Waterbury will share the story of OSS’s creation in 2016 and its growing impact on the community.

“Operation Secret Santa is built on the belief that no child should face barriers to feeling loved and celebrated,” said Keys. “We meet families where they are, right at their doorsteps, bringing not only gifts and food, but the reminder that their village sees them and cares.”

“From (Katie’s) big heart, she has built a big, yet lean and efficient, nonprofit that has one very simple goal, to bring joy to Kentucky kids at Christmas time,” Waterbury said.

Through this series, LHC offers students a chance to engage with pressing issues, broaden their perspectives and learn directly from those making a difference.



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Ethereum Foundation Bets Big on AI Agents with New Research Team

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1 hour ago

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September 16, 2025

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TLDR

  • Ethereum Foundation launches new dAI Team led by research scientist Davide Crapis to connect blockchain and AI economies
  • Team focuses on enabling AI agents to make payments and coordinate without intermediaries on Ethereum
  • Group continues work on ERC-8004 standard for proving AI agent identity and trust
  • Initiative aims to make Ethereum the settlement layer for autonomous machine transactions
  • Foundation hiring AI researcher and project manager to staff the new specialized unit

The Ethereum Foundation has formed a specialized artificial intelligence research team to position Ethereum as the foundation for autonomous machine transactions. Research scientist Davide Crapis announced the new dAI Team on Monday, outlining plans to merge blockchain technology with AI systems.

The team will pursue two main goals according to Crapis. First, enabling AI agents to conduct payments and coordinate activities without human intermediaries. Second, building a decentralized AI infrastructure that reduces dependence on major technology companies.

Crapis leads the new unit and will connect its work with the Foundation’s protocol development group and ecosystem support division. The team has begun hiring for an AI researcher position and a project manager role to drive coordination efforts.

The dAI Team builds on existing work around ERC-8004, a proposed Ethereum standard co-authored by Crapis. This standard aims to establish identity and reputation systems for autonomous AI agents. The protocol would allow these agents to prove their trustworthiness and coordinate activities without centralized oversight.

AI Agent Infrastructure Development

The Ethereum Foundation sees growing demand for settlement systems as AI agents begin conducting more transactions. Crapis stated that intelligent agents need neutral infrastructure for handling value transfers and reputation management. Ethereum’s censorship resistance and verifiability make it suitable for these functions.

Current blockchain activity supports this vision of expanded use cases. CryptoQuant data shows Ethereum processed 12 million daily smart contract calls on Thursday. The analytics firm noted that network activity remains in expansion mode with record transaction volumes and active addresses.

AI agents operate as programs that make decisions with minimal human supervision. They can execute transactions and perform tasks on behalf of their programmers. Blockchains with programmable features like smart contracts provide suitable environments for these autonomous systems.

The Foundation restructured in 2025 to handle Ethereum’s growth through specialized units. The dAI Team represents part of this shift toward addressing emerging technologies. Previous focus areas included layer-2 scaling solutions and zero-knowledge proof development.

Decentralized AI Stack Goals

Multiple blockchain projects are working to integrate AI and distributed ledger technology. Matchain launched a decentralized AI blockchain in 2024. KiteAI announced an AI-driven blockchain in the Avalanche ecosystem in February 2025.

The Ethereum Foundation’s approach differs by focusing on standards and infrastructure rather than creating new blockchains. The dAI Team will support public goods and projects that combine AI with existing Ethereum capabilities.

Crapis emphasized the mutual benefits of linking AI and Ethereum. He stated that Ethereum makes AI more trustworthy while AI makes Ethereum more useful. This relationship could expand as more autonomous agents require blockchain services.

The team operates under Ethereum’s decentralized acceleration philosophy. This approach prioritizes open and verifiable AI development while maintaining human oversight of intelligent systems. The Foundation aims to prevent AI infrastructure lock-in by major technology companies.

Industry experts see potential for AI agents and blockchain technology to reshape digital commerce. The combination could enable new forms of autonomous economic activity without traditional intermediaries.

The Ethereum Foundation has begun publishing resources for the new team according to Crapis. He stated the Foundation will work with urgency to connect AI developers with the Ethereum ecosystem and accelerate research between the two fields.





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