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Computer science graduates struggle to secure their first jobs

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Joe Fay

Technology Reporter

Eddie Hart Eddie Hart works at a laptop, surrounded by other young coders at a coding fair.Eddie Hart

Eddie Hart says coding firms seem reluctant to hire recent graduates

Eddie Hart studied computer science and cybersecurity at Newcastle University, graduating in 2024.

He says he knew getting into the tech workforce would be a challenge, but “I thought it would be a little easier”.

Even when “junior” roles were advertised, they often demanded two or more years professional experience, Mr Hart says.

“It’s not realistic, and it’s just discouraging the good candidates from even trying.”

To him it seems clear that potential employers are using AI tools to automate the simpler parts of coder’s work, tasks which would traditionally allow newcomers to build up experience.

While companies undoubtedly benefit from using AI in some parts of their operations, says Mr Hart, “I don’t think replacing developers entirely with AI is sustainable.”

ChatGPT, and other coding tools, are being blamed for a collapse in tech job openings, particularly for younger software developers and engineers.

A report by the UK’s National Foundation for Education Research showed a 50% decline in tech job adverts between 2019/20 and 2024/25, with entry level roles particularly affected.

The report cited the “anticipated impact of artificial intelligence” as one of the factors behind this.

At the same time, software developers have widely adopted AI code tools, while simultaneously expressing distrust in their output.

Research by Stack Overflow, a software knowledge platform, shows almost half use AI tools daily, despite just one third actually trusting the output of such tools.

Prashanth Chandrasekar, CEO of Stack Overflow, says it’s “a tricky time to graduate”.

More broadly, he says, its research shows developers are choosing to stay put, despite many expressing dissatisfaction with their work. “People are probably running for safety a little bit.”

All of this means young technologists are finding it harder to get that critical first job.

Stack Overflow Prashanth Chandrasekar speaking on stageStack Overflow

“It’s a tricky time to graduate,” says Prashanth Chandrasekar

The stress of finding a job is also being raised by the use of AI in the job application process.

Mr Hart came across one highly automated application process which had eight stages, the first of which was to answer 20 exam-style questions about himself.

Such exercises can take up hours of time.

Friends had been asked to record and upload answers to interview style questions.

“And then that’s just reviewed by AI and a computer makes the decision. It just feels like you don’t get that respect of at least being rejected by a human,” he says.

Colin, who didn’t want his full name to be used, studied computer science at university, graduating in 2024.

He spent almost a year working through the recruitment process for one large company – only to be ultimately unsuccessful.

Even smaller firms often use AI to screen applications, he says, meaning CVs have to structured to be “AI friendly”.

Colin would then find he was being interviewed by people “who have clearly not read my CV”.

Both Mr Hart and Colin said they knew the senior roles were still out there. But, they wondered, who will fill them if younger developers like them were unable to secure jobs.

InfluxData Paul Dix speaking on stage wearing a shirt with blue crocodiles on it. InfluxData

The pipeline of coders could dry up says Paul Dix

Paul Dix, CTO and co-founder at California-based database firm, InfluxData says in any economic downturn or disruption, junior software developers were the ones who got hit hardest.

But he says, “If nobody’s hiring younger developers, then you’re going to arrive at this point where you don’t have senior developers either, because you’ve completely killed your pipeline.”

More positively says Rajiv Ramaswami, CEO of US enterprise cloud firm Nutanix, “Some of these younger folks coming out of college actually have more experience using AI tooling compared to traditional ways of programming.”

Ramaswami adds: “I find the market for talent to be the best we’ve seen in several years.”

Mr Chandrasekar says the industry had always had an “apprenticeship” type model, with a pipeline of young people coming in and working with senior developers.

And, he suggests, executives and companies that had invested heavily in AI tech are under pressure to show some return on that investment. Even if that was by simply cutting back on hiring.

Stack Overflow’s research also found that while 64% of developers perceived AI as a threat to their jobs, this was four percentage points down on the previous year.

“They’ve now seen some of the limitations, where you need humans in the loop,” Mr Chandrasekar notes.

Previous tech disruptions had sparked fears that both senior or junior jobs would disappear, says Mr Chandrasekar. But invariably they result in more jobs as people uncover new problems and challenges.

“There’s going to be an insatiable appetite for technologists and developers to go and build those things to help solve those problems.”

But that spike in demand might not come in time for some of today’s graduates.

Mr Hart has secured a role as a security engineer at UK-based cybersecurity firm Threatspike, which he gained through a very human centred job process.

Meanwhile, Colin has turned his back on tech altogether and is considering a career in the police.

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South Korea to probe potential human rights abuses in US raid

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The South Korean government says it is investigating potential human rights violations during the raid and detention of Korean workers by US authorities.

South Korea has expressed “strong regret” to the US and has officially asked that its citizens’ rights and interests are not infringed during law enforcement proceedings, said a presidential spokesperson on Monday.

More than 300 South Korean workers returned home on Friday after being held for a week following a raid at an electric vehicle battery plant in the US state of Georgia.

The incident has tested ties between the countries, even as South Korean firms are set to invest billions in America under a trade deal to avoid steep US tariffs.

South Korean authorities will work with the relevant companies to “thoroughly investigate any potential human rights violations or other issues”, said the presidential spokesperson during a press briefing.

The raid has raised tensions between the US and South Korea, where many of those detained were from, with President Lee Jae-myung warning that it will discourage foreign investment into the US.

He called the situation “bewildering”, adding that it is a common practice for Korean companies to send workers to help set up overseas factories.

Last week, Hyundai said the plant’s opening will be delayed by at least two months.

South Korea’s trade unions have called on Trump to issue an official apology.

On 4 September, around 475 people – mostly South Korean nationals – were arrested at a Hyundai-operated plant, in what marked the largest single-location immigration raid since US President Donald Trump launched a crackdown on illegal migrants earlier this year.

Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) officials said the South Koreans had overstayed their visas or were not permitted to work in the US.

A South Korean worker who witnessed the raid told the BBC of panic and confusion as federal agents descended on the site, with some people being led away in chains.

Trump has said foreign workers sent to the country are “welcome” and he doesn’t want to “frighten off” investors.

The US needs to learn from foreign experts of fields like shipbuilding, chipmaking and computing, Trump said on his Truth Social platform on Sunday.

“We welcome them, we welcome their employees, and we are willing to proudly say we will learn from them, and do even better than them at their own ‘game,’ sometime in the not too distant future,” he said.



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OpenAI Execs on the 3 Things Companies Need to Get Right When Using AI

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The executives leading the product and engineering efforts for OpenAI’s developer platform say companies must adopt a result-oriented approach to successfully roll out AI to employees.

Olivier Godement and Sherwin Wu head product and engineering for OpenAI’s developer platform, respectively. During an interview on the BG2 podcast that aired Thursday, Godement and Wu shared three tips on how companies can integrate AI.

“Number one is the interesting combination of top-down buy-in and enabling a very clear group, like a tiger team,” Godement said. He added that the team could be a mix of staff from AI providers like OpenAI, as well as the company’s own employees.

Godement said members of the “tiger team” should possess either technical skills or a deep understanding of the company’s processes.

“In the enterprise, like customer support, what we found is that the vast majority of the knowledge is in people’s heads,” Godement said.

“Unless you have that tiger team, a mix of technical and subject matter experts, it’s really hard to get something out of the ground,” he added.

Next, Godement and Wu said companies need to develop clear benchmarks, or what they call “evals,” to track their progress with AI.

“Evals are much harder than what it looks to get done,” Godement said.

“Evals, oftentimes, need to come bottom-up, because all of these things are kind of in people’s heads, in the actual operator’s heads. It’s actually very hard to have a top-down mandate,” Wu said.

Lastly, Godement said that companies should monitor their benchmarks closely and strive to make progress against them.

“A lot of that is like art sometimes, more than science,” he said.

Progress can be achieved by having a good understanding of an AI model’s design, behavior, and constraints, Godement said.

“Sometimes, we even need to fine-tune ourselves the models, when there are some clear limitations, and you know, being patient, getting you way up there and then, ship,” he added.

Godement said it was important for a company’s top leadership to make AI a priority and give their staff the opportunity to experiment.

“Letting the team organize and be like, ‘OK, if you want to start small, start small, and then you can scale it up.’ That would be number 1,” he added.

OpenAI did not respond to a request for comment from Business Insider.

Tech CEOs have been stepping up their efforts when it comes to getting their employees to use AI.

Duolingo CEO Luis von Ahn said in an August interview with The New York Times that Duolingo has been organizing weekly activities to encourage teams to use AI.

“Every Friday morning, we have this thing: It’s a bad acronym, f-r-A-I-days,” von Ahn told the Times.

Howie Liu, the CEO of the vibe coding platform Airtable, said in an episode of Lenny’s Podcats that aired last month that he wants his staff to experiment with AI, even if it entails taking time off work.

“If you want to cancel all your meetings for a day or for an entire week and just go play around with every AI product that you think could be relevant to Airtable, go do it. Period,” Liu said.





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EY-Parthenon Unveils Neurosymbolic AI To Enable Business Revenue Growth

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Ernst & Young LLP (EY) has launched EY Growth Platforms (EYGP), an artificial intelligence enabled solution powered by neurosymbolic AI.

Announced recently, this update from the EY-Parthenon practice aims to enable businesses to identify untapped opportunities, predict market shifts, and unlock revenue at scale.

As economic uncertainties persist, EYGP positions itself as a digital tool for professionals seeking to redefine commercial models and drive sustainable profitability.

At the heart of EYGP is neurosymbolic AI, a hybrid approach that merges the probabilistic pattern recognition of neural networks with the precise, rule-based logic of symbolic reasoning.

Unlike traditional generative AI, which often excels at content creation but falls short on explainable decisions, neurosymbolic AI delivers actionable insights that are said to be grounded in real-world logic.

This combination allows for predictions that are not only accurate but also transparent and traceable, addressing a need in enterprise decision-making.

Jeff Schumacher said:

“Neurosymbolic AI is not another analytics tool; it’s a growth engine.”

He is the newly appointed EYGP Leader for EY-Parthenon.

Schumacher, who founded Growth Protocol—the proprietary technology EY has exclusively licensed—brings a wealth of expertise in business strategy and innovation to spearhead this initiative.

EYGP functions as a unified data and reasoning engine, ingesting vast amounts of structured and unstructured data from internal systems, external market signals, and EY’s extensive proprietary datasets.

Developed over several years, the platform simulates real-time market scenarios to generate tailored business strategies without the hassle of extensive data cleaning or digital overhauls.

It processes information through intelligent workflows that blend statistical analysis with logical inference, uncovering patterns that traditional methods might miss.

This enables companies to pivot quickly, optimizing everything from go-to-market strategies to high-stakes transactions.

The benefits for businesses are seemingly significant.

In an era where growth demands agility, EYGP helps organizations reimagine their revenue trajectories by identifying hundred-million-dollar opportunities and scaling new ventures.

It tackles complex challenges like building corporate innovation labs or executing mergers with predictive foresight, all while ensuring decisions are statistically sound and compliant.

Mitch Berlin, EY Americas Vice Chair for EY-Parthenon, emphasized this potential:

“In today’s uncertain economic climate, leading companies aren’t just adapting—they’re taking control. EY Growth Platforms gives our clients the predictive power and actionable foresight they need to confidently steer their revenue trajectory.

This is potentially a game changer, poised to become the backbone of enterprise growth.

”Real-world applications span diverse industries. In financial services, EYGP enhances underwriting and claims processing with transparent AI that aligns with regulatory standards, optimizing customer outcomes while minimizing risks.

For consumer products companies, it powers hyperpersonalized experiences—think real-time product recommendations, adaptive user interfaces, and location-based services—by analyzing individual behaviors and preferences in context.

In the industrial sector, the platform optimizes supply chains from sourcing to distribution, integrating domain knowledge with operational data to inform decisions on facility placement, logistics routing, and workforce allocation tailored to specific markets.

Deployed for EY-Parthenon clients in consumer goods, industrials, and financial services, EYGP is available in North America, Europe, and Australia.

This launch underscores EY‘s commitment to blending human expertise with AI, fostering trust in an increasingly automated environment (where it has become increasingly difficult to reliably distinguish between AI powered activity and the finer touches of human interaction).

And as businesses grapple with volatility, tools like EYGP could mark a pivotal shift, turning data into dollars and uncertainty into potential opportunities.





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