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Beyond Hype and Fluff: Lessons for AI from 25 Years of EdTech

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  • This blog is by Rod Bristow is CEO of College Online which provides access to lifelong learning, Chair of Council at the University of Bradford, Visiting Professor at the UCL Institute of Education, Chair of the Kortext Academic Advisory Board and former President at Pearson.

I am an advocate for education technology. It is a growing force for good, providing great solutions to real problems:

  • Reducing teacher workload through lesson planning, curriculum development, homework submission and marking, formative assessments, course management systems and more;
  • Improving learning outcomes through engaging, immersive experiences, adaptive assessments and the generation of rich data about learning;
  • Widening access to content and tools through aggregation platforms across thousands of publishers and millions of textbooks; and
  • Widening access to courses and qualifications for the purpose of lifelong learning using online and blended modes of delivery.

Products and services that solve these problems will continue to take root.

All that said, we have not seen the widespread transformation in education that technology promised to deliver, and investors have had their fingers burned. We could argue this results from unrealistic expectations rather than poor achievement, but there are lessons to be learned.

According to HolonIQ:

2024 saw $2.4 billion of EdTech Venture Capital, representing the lowest level of investment since 2015. The hype of 2021 is well and truly over, with investors seeking fundamentals over ‘fluff’.

From HolonIQ

The chart says it all. Steady growth in investment over the last decade culminated in a huge peak during Covid. Hype and ‘fluff’ overtook rational thinking, and several superficially attractive businesses spiked and then plummeted in value. In education, details and evidence of impact (or efficacy) matter. Without them, lasting scale is much harder to achieve.

The pendulum has now swung the other way, with investors harder to convince. Investors and entrepreneurs need to ask the question, ‘Does it work?’ before considering how it scales. If they do, they will see plenty of applications that both work and scale, and better-educated investors will be good for the sector.

One of the biggest barriers to scale is the complexity of implementation with teachers, without whom there is little impact. Without getting into the debate about teacher autonomy, most teachers like to do their own thing. And products which bypass teachers, marketed directly to consumers, often struggle to show as much impact and financial return.

Will things be different with AI? The technology, being many times more powerful, will handle much greater flexibility of implementation for teachers than we have seen so far. AI has even greater potential to solve real problems: widening access to learning, saving time for teachers and engaging learners through adaptive digital formative assessment and deeply immersive learning experiences through augmented reality.

But risks of ‘over-selling’ the benefits of AI technologies are potentially heightened by its very power. AI can generate mind-boggling ‘solutions’ for learners which dramatically reduce workload. Some of these are good in making learning more efficient, but questions of efficacy remain. Learning intrinsically requires work: it is done by you, not to you. Technology should not try to make learning easy, but to make hard work stimulating and productive if it is to sustain over the long term.

There is a clear and present danger that AI will undermine learning if high-stakes assessments relying on coursework do not keep pace with the reality of AI. This is a risk yet to be gripped by regulators. There is also little evidence that, for example, AI will ever replace the inspiration of human teachers, and those saying their solutions will do so must make a very strong case. Technology companies can help, but they can also do harm.

New technologies must be grounded in what improves learning, especially when unleashing the power of AI. This is entirely possible.

There are many areas of great promise, but none more so than the enormous expansion in online access to lifelong learning for working people who are otherwise denied the education they need. There are now eight million people (mainly adults) studying for degrees online and tens of millions of people taking shorter online skills courses. Opening access to lifelong learning to everyone remains education’s biggest unmet need and opportunity. Education technologies can be ‘designed in’ to the entire learning experience from the beginning, rather than retrofitted by overworked teachers. Widening access to lifelong learning could deliver a greater transformation to the economy and society than we have seen in 100 years.

Learning tools and platforms are one thing, but what do people need to learn in a world changed by AI? Much has been written about the potential for technology and especially AI to change what people need to learn. A popular narrative is that skills will be more important than knowledge; that knowledge can be so easily searched through the internet or created with AI, there is no need for it to be learned.

Skills do matter, but these statements are wrong. We should not choose between skills and knowledge. Skills are a representation of knowledge. With no knowledge or expertise, there is no skill. More than that, in a world in which AI will have an unimaginable impact on society, we should remember that knowledge provides the very basis of our ability to think and that human memory is the residue of thought.

Only a deeper understanding of learning and the real problems we need to solve will unleash the huge potential for technology to unlock wider access, a better learning experience and higher outcomes. To simultaneously hold the benefits and the risks of AI in a firm embrace, we will need courage, imagination and clarity about the problems to be solved before we get swept up in the hype and fluff. The opportunity is too big to put at risk.



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How Some Nonprofits Are Turning to AI As a Tool for Good

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As millions of young people worldwide increasingly rely on AI chatbots to acquire knowledge as part of their learning — and even complete assignments for them — one organization is concerned that those in developing countries without access to the tech could be put at an unfair disadvantage.

And it’s using the very technology it believes is causing this problem to fix it.

Education Above All, a nonprofit based in Qatar, believes that because most of the world’s popular AI chatbots are created in Silicon Valley, they aren’t equipped to understand the linguistic and ethnic nuances of non-English-speaking countries, creating education inequities on a global scale. But its team sees AI as a way to tackle this problem.

In January 2025, the charity teamed up with MIT, Harvard, and the United Nations Development Programme to introduce a free and open-source AI literacy program called Digi-Wise. Delivered in partnership with educators in the developing world, it encourages children to spot AI-fueled misinformation, use AI tools responsibly in the classroom, and even develop their own AI tools from scratch.

As part of this, the charity has developed its own generative AI chatbot called Ferby. It allows users to access and personalize educational resources from the Internet-Free Education Resource Bank, an online library containing hundreds of free and open-source learning materials.

Education Above All said it’s already being used by over 5 million Indian children to access “project-based learning” in partnership with Indian nonprofit Mantra4Change. More recently, Education Above All has embedded Ferby into edtech platform SwiftChat, which is used by 124 million students and teachers across India.

“Ferby curates, customizes, and creates learning materials to fit local realities, so a teacher in rural Malawi can run the right science experiment as easily as a teacher in downtown Doha,” said Aishwarya Shetty, an education specialist at Education Above All. “By marrying offline ingenuity with AI convenience, we make learning local, low-resource, and always within reach, yet at scale.”

Education Above All is among a group of organizations using AI to tackle global inequality and work toward realizing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Created in 2015, the UN SDGs comprise 17 social, economic, and environmental targets that serve as guidelines for nations, businesses, and individuals to follow to help achieve a more peaceful and prosperous world. Education Above All’s projects fall under SDG 4: inclusive and equitable education.

A global effort

A range of other organizations are using AI to augment and enhance their education programming.

Tech To The Rescue, a global nonprofit that connects charities with pro-bono software development teams to meet their goals, is another organization using AI in support of the UN SDGs. Last year, it launched a three-year AI-for-good accelerator program to help NGOs meet the various UN SDGs using AI.

One organization to benefit from the program is Mercy Corps, a humanitarian group that works across over 40 countries to tackle crises like poverty, the climate crisis, natural disasters, and violence. Through the accelerator, it created an AI strategy tool that helps first responders predict disasters and coordinate resources. The World Institute on Disability AI also participated in the accelerator program, creating a resource-matching system that helps organizations allocate support to people with disabilities in hours rather than weeks.

Similarly, the International Telecommunication Union — the United Nations’ digital technology agency, and one of its oldest arms — is supporting organizations using technology to achieve the UN SDGs through its AI for Good Innovation Factory startup competition. For example, an Indian applicant — a startup called Bioniks — has enabled a teenager to reclaim the ability to do simple tasks like writing and getting dressed through the use of AI-powered prosthetics.

Challenges to consider

While AI may prove to be a powerful tool for achieving the UN SDGs, it comes with notable risks. Again, as AI models are largely developed by American tech giants in an industry already constrained by gender and racial inequality, unconscious bias is a major flaw of AI systems.

To address this, Shetty said layered prompts for non-English users, human review of underlying AI datasets, and the creation of indigenous chatbots are paramount to achieving Education Above All’s goals.

AI models are also power-intensive, making them largely inaccessible to the populations of developing countries. That’s why Shetty urges AI companies to provide their solutions via less tech-heavy methods, like SMS, and to offer offline features so users can still access AI resources when their internet connections drop. Open-source, free-of-charge subscriptions can help, too, she added.

AI as a source for good

Challenges aside, Shetty is confident that AI can be a force for good over the next few years, particularly around education. She told BI, “We are truly energized by how the global education community is leveraging AI in education: WhatsApp-based math tutors reaching off-grid learners; algorithms that optimize teacher deployment in shortage areas; personalized content engines that democratize education; chatbots that offer psychosocial support in crisis zones and more.”

But Shetty is clear that AI should augment, rather than displace, human educators. And she said the technology should only be used if it can solve challenges faced by humans and add genuine value.

“Simply put,” she said, “let machines handle the scale, let humans handle the soul, with or without AI tools.”





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Google announces latest AI American Infrastructure Acadmey cohort

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Google on Thursday announced the second cohort to take part in its AI Academy American Infrastructure Academy, which seeks to support companies using AI to address issues such as cybersecurity, education, and transportation. 

The four-month program is designed for companies at a seed to Series A stage and provides equity-free support and resources like leadership coaching and sales training. It’s primarily virtual, but founders will convene for an in-person summit eventually at Google. Applications opened in late April of this year and closed mid-May; companies selected had to pass a competitive criteria, including having at least six months of runway and having proof of traction. 

Google has a pretty good track record so far of identifying notable AI startups. Alumni from Google’s American Infrastructure first cohort last year include the government contractor company Cloverleaf AI, which went on to raise a $2.8 million seed round, and Zordi, an autonomous agtech that had already raised $20 million from Khlosa Ventures. 

And it partners with some of the most significant AI companies that use its cloud.

Here were the companies selected for this latest batch: 

  • Attuned Intelligence — AI-powered voice agents for call centers. 
  • Block Harbor — cybersecurity for vehicle systems. 
  • CircNova — uses AI to analyze RNA for therapeutics. 
  • CloudRig — provides AI technology to help contractors manage schedules, production, and work plans.  
  • Making Spaceconnects employers with disabled talent and prospective employees. 
  • MedHaul — connects healthcare organizations, like hospitals and clinics, to non-emergency medical transportation to book rides for patients with mobility needs. 
  • Mpathic — automates clinical workflows and provides AI oversight to clinical trials. 
  • Nimblemind.ai — helps organize health data. 
  • Omnia Fishing — offers personalized fishing suggestions, such as where to fish and what to bring along with you. 
  • Otrafy — automates the process of supply management. 
  • Partsimony — helps companies build and manage supply chains. 
  • Satlyt — a computing platform to process satellite data. 
  • StudyFetch — offers personalized learning experiences for students, educators, and institutions. 
  • Tansy AI — lets users manage their health, such as tracking appointments and records. 
  • Tradeverifyd — helps businesses track global supply chain risk. 
  • Vetr Health — offers at-home veterinary care. 
  • Waterplan — lets businesses track water risk. 

This is just one of a number of programs where Google invests in AI startups and research. TechCrunch reported a few months ago that it launched its inaugural AI Futures Fund initiative to back startups building with the latest AI tools from DeepMind. 

Last year, Google’s charitable wing announced a $20 million commitment to researchers and scientists in AI and an AI accelerator program to give $20 million to nonprofits developing AI technology. Sundar Pichai also said the company would create a $120 million Global AI Opportunity Fund to help make AI education more accessible to people throughout the world. 

Aside from this, Google has a few notable other Academies seeking to help founders, including its Founders Academy and Growth Academy. A Google spokesperson told us earlier this year that its Google for Startups Founders Fund would also look to start backing AI-focused startups as of this year. 



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The Download: flaws in anti-AI protections for art, and an AI regulation vibe shift – MIT Technology Review

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The Download: flaws in anti-AI protections for art, and an AI regulation vibe shift  MIT Technology Review



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