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Anthropic to pay authors $1.5bn to settle lawsuit over using pirated books to train AI

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Artificial intelligence giant Anthropic has agreed to pay $1.5 billion to settle claims that it illegally used authors’ copyrighted books to train its Claude chatbot.

The settlement figure was disclosed on Friday (September 5) by the authors in the case, including Andrea Bartz, Kirk Wallace Johnson, and Charles Graeber. It was first reported last month that a settlement had been reached, although neither party reported a figure at the time.

News of the $1.5 billion settlement figure arrives just days after Anthropic raised another $13 billion in funding, valuing it at $183 billion, nearly tripling its $61.5 billion valuation in March.

The Series F round was led by San Francisco-headquartered investment management firm ICONIQ, whose investment portfolio includes AI audio company ElevenLabs, Tencent Music EntertainmentAirbnbAlibabaCanvaUber and Zoom.

The resolution of the authors’ case could prove significant for Universal Music Group, Concord, and ABKCO, who are pursuing their own copyright lawsuit against the $183 billion-valued AI company.

The Human Artistry Campaign —  which represents recording artists, songwriters, composers, publishers, independent record labels, journalists, photographers, actors, athletes and more — welcomed the settlement: “This settlement is a huge victory not only for the authors involved, but for all writers, artists, and creators who know that their work has value and their rights should be respected when it comes to AI uses.”

“We hope this is just the first of many AI companies to be held accountable for their theft of creative work, and that it helps set a precedent that consent and compensation for works used in AI training are nonnegotiable.”

Human Artistry Campaign

Added The Human Artistry Campaign: “We hope this is just the first of many AI companies to be held accountable for their theft of creative work, and that it helps set a precedent that consent and compensation for works used in AI training are nonnegotiable.”

In the separate lawsuit filed by the music publishers against Anthropic in 2023, it is alleged that its Claude chatbot was trained on song lyrics without permission.

However, details that emerged during the authors’ lawsuit have given the music publishers fresh evidence in their own case. In the authors’ case, Judge William Alsup found that Anthropic torrented 5 million files from the pirate online library LibGen, 2 million files from Pirate Library Mirror (PiLiMi), and nearly 200,000 records in the Books3 collection.

Crucially for the music publishers, lawyers discovered that LibGen “contains well over a thousand illegal copies of sheet music, songbooks, and other lyric-related books,” including works specifically involved in their lawsuit such as Tiny Dancer (written by Elton John and Bernie Taupin), A Thousand Miles (written by Vanessa Carlton), and 7 Rings (recorded by Ariana Grande).

The music publishers alleged last month that Anthropic hid the fact that it used BitTorrent to pirate these materials, only discovering this through the separate authors’ lawsuit.

“Inexplicably, Anthropic never disclosed to publishers in this case that it had used BitTorrent to copy books containing their works from pirate sites in this manner, despite publishers’ discovery requests calling for exactly this type of information,” lawyers for the music publishers wrote in their recent court filing.

The music publishers are now seeking to amend their complaint to include new charges against Anthropic for distributing copyrighted lyrics without a license, not just using them for training.

Under the settlement agreement with the book authors, Anthropic agreed to pay $3,000 per work to a settlement fund that is expected to cover roughly 500,000 titles. The figure could rise if additional works are discovered. The company also vowed to destroy the original files of works torrented or downloaded from Library Genesis or Pirate Library Mirror, as well as any copies derived from them.

“This landmark settlement far surpasses any other known copyright recovery. It is the first of its kind in the AI era.”

Justin Nelson, Susman Godfrey LLP

The $1.5 billion fund will be distributed among rightsholders whose works appear on the certified class list. The settlement covers only past conduct. It does not grant Anthropic a license to use the covered works for future training.

The payout still requires approval from Judge Alsup, who is set to hold a preliminary hearing today (September 8). A final hearing could take place in 2026. Potential class members will be able to review the list of covered works and submit claims once the court grants preliminary approval. Information will be available at AnthropicCopyrightSettlement.com.

Co-lead plaintiffs’ counsel Justin Nelson of Susman Godfrey LLP said in a statement issued to MBW: “This landmark settlement far surpasses any other known copyright recovery. It is the first of its kind in the AI era. It will provide meaningful compensation for each class work and sets a precedent requiring AI companies to pay copyright owners. This settlement sends a powerful message to AI companies and creators alike that taking copyrighted works from these pirate websites is wrong.”

Co-lead plaintiffs’ Rachel Geman of Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein LLP added: “Piracy harms those who devote their lives to writing and publishing books that benefit us all, and companies that exploit piracy and endanger the creative industries must be accountable.”

“Piracy harms those who devote their lives to writing and publishing books that benefit us all, and companies that exploit piracy and endanger the creative industries must be accountable.”

Rachel Geman, Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein LLP

The agreement has drawn backing from industry groups. Maria Pallante, president of the Association of American Publishers, said: “I am hopeful that the settlement will receive wide support from copyright owners.

“Beyond the monetary terms, the proposed settlement provides enormous value in sending the message that Artificial Intelligence companies cannot unlawfully acquire content from shadow libraries or other pirate sources as the building blocks for their models.”

“Beyond the monetary terms, the proposed settlement provides enormous value in sending the message that Artificial Intelligence companies cannot unlawfully acquire content from shadow libraries or other pirate sources as the building blocks for their models.”

Maria Pallante, Association of American Publishers

Mary Rasenberger, CEO of the Authors’ Guild described the settlement as “an excellent result for authors, publishers, and rightsholders generally, sending a strong message to the AI industry that there are serious consequences when they pirate authors’ works to train their AI, robbing those least able to afford it.”

The authors’ lawyers described the lawsuit as “the largest publicly reported recovery in the history of US copyright litigation.” They said the settlement “gives hope to creators of every kind including the writers, musicians, artists, journalists, and others seeking to enforce creators’ rights in dozens of other pending cases.”

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AI Stocks to Watch, According to Fund Manager Crushing the S&P 500

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Before his portfolio management days, Denny Fish worked as a sales manager at Oracle. He saw the incredible demand for its software products as the dot-com boom flourished, an experience that would later inform his mindset as an investor: What was the next revolutionary idea he could get ahead of?

“I watched the internet boom, I had a front row seat because I was at Oracle and we were in the eye of the storm,” Fish said. “So it shaped my investment philosophy of, ‘Wow, always be looking for that big idea.'”

He continued: “Because the big idea is gonna express itself in a way that nobody can appreciate over multiple years and when you get behind that big idea, don’t let anybody shake you out of it because that’s what’s called a power law in technology investing.”

Two decades later, Fish was perfectly positioned for the AI boom. As a co-manager of the Janus Henderson Global Technology and Innovation Fund (JAGTX), his top holdings are a who’s who in the AI ecosystem: Nvidia, Microsoft, Taiwan Semiconductor, and Broadcom. Those four names alone, all of which he’s held for more than a year and a half, make up 42% of JAGTX.

The impressive lineup has led to a banner few years for Fish. Since the October 2022 lows, his fund is up 136%, crushing the S&P 500’s 81% surge.

Today, Fish still thinks AI is the big idea to get behind. But when asked which stocks he’s most bullish on right now, three out of the four were companies outside his top six holdings in the 25-stock fund.

4 stocks Fish likes right now

The first firm Fish listed — and the one that is among his largest holdings — is Taiwan Semiconductor, as chip demand remains uber-strong. It’s the fund’s third-largest holding at 9.49%.

“If you’re a Broadcom or if you’re Nvidia, there’s only one place you want to go to get your chips manufactured, and that’s TSMC given their process, know-how, and the lead that they’ve created,” he said.

Next, he said Cadence (CDNS), an electronic design automation firm, is well-positioned for continued AI hardware demand. The stock is the fund’s eighth-biggest holding at 2.47%.

“It’s a global duopoly,” he said of Cadence and its competitor, Synopsis. “They have dominant market positions, incredible returns on capital, and there are businesses that you can’t move forward with chip design without one of those two companies.”

Third, Fish is bullish on KLA (KLAC), which produces process control systems for semiconductor chips. The firm “has a very dominant position globally, in that swim lane for, for semiconductor capital equipment,” Fish said.

At 1.88%, it’s JAGTX’s thirteenth-largest holding.

Finally, Fish mentioned Mercado Libre (MELI), a Latin-American e-commerce platform with a fintech business that offers digital wallets, lending, payment solutions, and money transfers. Fish said he’s impressed with the company’s use of AI.

“They’re doing really unique things with AI through their entire portfolio to improve the customer experience and also improve their underwriting and their fintech business,” he said.

Mercado Libre is the fund’s seventh-largest holding at a 2.64% weighting.





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Oracle’s sudden AI stardom is giving 1999 energy

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A version of this story appeared in CNN Business’ Nightcap newsletter. To get it in your inbox, sign up for free here.


New York
 — 

Oracle, a large but generally sleepy cloud-computing company, just had an absolutely bonkers day on Wall Street.

The stock (ORCL) shot up more than 40% Wednesday morning, its largest single-day jump ever. It was such big leap that it minted Oracle co-founder Larry Ellison $100 billion in less than hour, making him the world’s richest person and bumping Elon Musk to second place.

The catalyst wasn’t a flashy product rollout or a surprise earnings beat — in fact, Oracle’s quarterly revenue and profit came in below Wall Street’s expectations Tuesday evening.

Instead, the fire came from Oracle’s outlook for the next few years, which, if it pans out, would cement the company as a power player in artificial intelligence. That’s a big “if,” though — especially given that the bulk of Oracle’s rosy outlook hinges on revenue from one major customer, the unprofitable OpenAI, according to the Wall Street Journal.

Oracle’s outlook is “so exuberant that if we’d gotten this sort of prediction from a less established company it might have been shrugged off as either a lie or a misplaced digit,” Steve Sosnick, chief strategist at Interactive Brokers, told me.

Here are the key things powering Oracle’s stock at a clip it hasn’t experienced since the late-90s dot-com-bubble era, when it rose nearly 600% in the span of a year before falling back to earth by 2022:


  • Oracle’s CEO, Safra Catz, said the company’s cloud infrastructure revenue would grow 77% to $18 billion by the end of May 2026. But that’s not all: It projects that revenue to hit $144 billion by 2030.

  • Catz said Oracle had signed four multi-billion-dollar contracts with three different customers, giving the company $455 billion in “outstanding contract revenue” that it expects to collect on. That metric is up 359% from last year.

Oracle, which sells database software, has somewhat quietly ingratiated itself to investors in the AI gold rush this year by securing deals with AI companies hungry for computing capacity. (If semiconductor giant Nvidia (NVDA) is the “picks and shovels” play of the current frenzy, think of Oracle as the Levi Strauss play — it’s not mining the gold, just providing durable trousers.) And now it’s making its debut as a force to be reckoned with against rival cloud-storage providers like Google, Amazon and Microsoft.

If Oracle’s head-spinning projections seem too good to be true, well, that’s all part of the fun-house mirror effect of the generative AI bubble (yes, I said “bubble”). Because for any of Oracle’s future projections to make sense, its AI customers, including OpenAI, have to make, like, a lot of money — something the ChatGPT maker has shown no clear path to doing anytime soon. (The Information reported last week that OpenAI’s projected cash burn this year through 2029 will hit $115 billion — about $80 billion higher than the company previously expected.)

Like other big tech names, Oracle is betting much of its future on the promise that demand for computing capacity will keep going up as generative AI ushers in some kind of as-yet-undefined revolution. So tech companies are spending hundreds of billions of dollars to build out the data centers — giant, energy-sucking buildings full of computer servers — to ensure the US has the technical infrastructure to deliver all of the AI magic.

That gamble on infrastructure is so massive it actually eclipsed consumer spending this year as the main driver of GDP growth, according to Renaissance Macro Research.

“This data center buildout continues to be a major support to the US economy… so we of course hope that Larry Ellison is right and that this massive buildout is sustainable,” Peter Boockvar, chief investment officer of One Point BFG Wealth Partners, said in a note Wednesday.

But Boockvar also sounded a note of caution: “While Oracle just knocked the cover off the ball, when I see one day market cap increases of such epic proportions, I can’t not think of what I witnessed in 1999.”

(Ahem, 1999 being the start of the dot-com crash.)

Oracle’s capital expenditures are “truly extraordinary,” at $35 billion for this fiscal year, which is about 52% of revenue, Boockvar notes. In 2024, it was 13% of the company’s revenue. “We’ve never seen such capital intensity from these previously large-free-cash-flow-generating businesses.”

In other words, Oracle is a huge company, and it’s never spent money like this ever before.

The risk here, of course, is that Oracle’s big customer, OpenAI, doesn’t deliver.

Generative AI, the engine of ChatGPT, is one of those rare technologies that manages to get less marketable over time. The more many regular people encounter AI in their lives, the more they come to associate it with “slop” on their Facebook feeds. Chatbots cannot reliably respond to human beings’ queries, and they have a pesky tendency of dragging said humans into delusional, at times deadly, mental spirals.

It isn’t completely useless, to be sure, but AI’s proponents have had an extremely difficult time building an application that’s lived up to their own hype (nor, certainly, has any of it lived up to the lofty valuations propping up American tech companies).

Without a game-changing tech update that either drastically lowers its costs or dramatically boosts its profits, OpenAI may be toast. And that presents a systemic risk to not just Oracle, in particular, but to the tech sector more broadly.

If Oracle can stick the landing, Sosnick said, “then by all means, this rally is well-deserved.”

“Yet you are correct in pointing out the risks inherent in the market’s complete revaluation of Oracle… Not only are Oracle stockholders crucially dependent upon the company meeting its guidance, but the broader market is, too.”





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AI agents poised to replace humans as basic unit of a company, Lee Kai-fu says

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Artificial intelligence agents are emerging as an instrument of transformation in the workforce, with the potential to replace humans in traditional roles, according to computer scientist Lee Kai-fu, founder and CEO of the Chinese start-up 01.AI.

“The basic unit of a company will evolve from a human being to an AI agent,” Lee said on Thursday at a summit on disruptive technologies hosted by Swiss bank UBS. AI agents are software apps that use AI to autonomously execute tasks and achieve goals on behalf of users.

Lee pointed out that AI agents could operate around the clock, be replicated infinitely, and scale effortlessly – capabilities unmatched by human workers. “If you have a super employee, you can’t replicate [them], right? Human cloning is not legal, but AI agent cloning is perfectly fine, and they will scale,” he said.

“You can completely use agents as Lego blocks,” he said. “So you have a Lego block that’s [human resources], a Lego block that’s legal, a Lego block that is finance, and then a Lego block for customer service, et cetera.”

“Then you can have a huge, giant Lego-created machinery that is your company agent, where the CEO interacts and manages the company, and that’s what [OpenAI CEO] Sam Altman means when he says there will be US$1 billion companies.”

AI agents are software apps that leverage AI to autonomously perform tasks for users. Photo: Shutterstock Images



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