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UK’s muddy saltmarshes vital to tackle climate change

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Victoria Gill

Science correspondent, BBC News

WWF The image shows a saltmarsh from above. Channels of tidal water flow through an uneven, green landscape of marshland grasses and other plants. WWF

Saltmarshes are buffer zones between the land and the sea and act as natural flood defences

The UK’s saltmarshes are vital “sinks” that lock away climate-warming greenhouse gases in layers of mud, according to a new report from WWF.

Much of the UK’s saltmarshes have been lost to agriculture but the charity says they are unsung heroes in nature’s fight against climate change.

It is now calling for these muddy, tidal habitats to be added to the official UK inventory of how much carbon is emitted and how much is removed from our atmosphere every year.

This formal recognition could, it hopes, provide more of an incentive to restore and protect more of these sites.

Victoria Gill/BBC The image shows a yellow tower built of scaffolding poles that sits in a green carpet of marshland grass. The tower is fitted with analytical equipment that is measuring gases in the atmosphere around the saltmarsh Victoria Gill/BBC

The greenhouse gas monitoring station was installed on a tower to protect it from the saltwater and debris

Working with researchers from the UK’s Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, a WWF team installed solar-powered greenhouse gas monitoring stations on Hesketh Out Marsh, a saltmarsh in North-West England that has been restored and is managed by the RSPB.

Analysing gases in the air flowing around the marsh – over the course of a year – revealed how plants there “breathe in” more carbon dioxide in the summer than they release in winter.

These new findings build on previous studies that have measured the amount of carbon in the marshland’s mud.

To carry it out, the team fixed analytical equipment to a sturdy 2.5m tall tower made of scaffolding poles. The site is regularly flooded by the tide, so the tower has kept their kit safe from salt water and debris.

With WWF’s ocean conservation specialist, Tom Brook as our guide, we waded through the thigh-high grass to visit the site of the experiment.

RSPB The image shows an avocet - a distinctively-patterned black and white wading bird with a long up-curved beakRSPB

Wading bird like avocets have specially evolved bills for skimming food off the tidal mud and lagoons

At low tide, the sea is not visible beyond the expanse of grassland, but the area is littered with driftwood, some plastic waste and there is even a small, upturned boat nearby.

“The plants grow so quickly here in spring and summer that they almost grow on top of each other – layering and decomposing,” Tom said. “That captures carbon in the soils. So while we’re typically taught about how trees breathe in carbon and store that in the wood, here salt marshes are doing that as mud.

“So the mud here is just as important for climate mitigation as trees are.”

WWF has published its first year of findings in a report called The Importance of UK Saltmarshes. Unusually, this been co-published with an insurance company that is interested in understanding the role these sites have in protecting homes from coastal flooding.

The UK has lost about 85% of its saltmarshes since 1860. They were seen as useless land and many were drained for agriculture.

Victoria Gill/BBC News The image shows a sunny view over Hesketh Out Marsh, near Preston, in North-West England. The water levels in the tidal stream is low, revealing layers of uneven mud. There are long grasses and flowering plants growing across the marsh and the sky is bright blue. Victoria Gill/BBC News

Carbon is locked away in layers of marshland mud

Hesketh Out Marsh has been restored – bought by the wildlife charity RSPB and re-flooded by tide. Now, in late spring, it is teeming with bird life. A variety of species, including avocets, oyster catchers and black-tailed godwits, probe the mud for food and nest on the land between lagoons and streams.

The researchers hope the findings will help make the case to restore and protect more of these muddy bufferzones between the land and the sea.

“The mud here is so important,” explained Alex Pigott, the RSPB warden at Hesketh Out Marsh. “It’s is like a service station for birds.”

With their differently shaped bills – some ideal for scooping and some for probing – marshland birds feed in the tidal mud.

“We know these sites act as a natural flood defences, too and that they store carbon,” said Ms Pigott. “Any any of these habitats that we can restore will be a big win for nature.”



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2 Artificial Intelligence (AI) Stocks Even Risk-Averse Investors Can Buy Without Hesitation

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Betting big on the next hot thing can sometimes burn investors. That can be true even when the next hot thing is as exciting and promising as artificial intelligence (AI).

Concerns about being burned might cause some investors to be leery of buying AI stocks. However, this fear could result in them missing out on huge long-term returns. Are there alternatives for investing in AI that aren’t super risky? Absolutely. Here are two AI stocks that even risk-averse investors can buy without hesitation.

Image source: Getty Images.

Two AI titans

If bigger is better, you won’t find many better AI stocks than Amazon (AMZN -0.07%) and Microsoft (MSFT -0.24%). Amazon ranks as the fourth-largest publicly traded company based on market cap, while Microsoft holds the No. 2 spot. And their AI credentials are impeccable.

Amazon Web Services (AWS) is the global leader in cloud services, with a market share of 29%. Microsoft Azure is in second place with a market share of 22%. Both cloud platforms continue to enjoy strong growth, thanks in large part to organizations rushing to build and deploy AI models in the cloud.

Amazon and Microsoft boast partnerships with other top AI companies as well. Both companies have teamed up with Nvidia. Microsoft’s investments in ChatGPT creator OpenAI are paying off handsomely, and Amazon has invested $8 billion in Anthropic, the developer of the powerful Claude large language model (LLM).

These two AI titans are also benefiting from AI in their internal operations. Amazon is using AI to recommend products to customers on its e-commerce platform, for example, while Microsoft has rolled out OpenAI’s GPT-4 throughout its product lineup.

Why risk-averse investors should like Amazon and Microsoft

Risk-averse investors know what they’re getting with Amazon and Microsoft. Both companies are AI leaders, but they’re also much more.

Amazon and Microsoft offer tremendous financial stability. Amazon generated revenue of nearly $638 billion last year, with profits totaling over $59 billion. Microsoft’s revenue topped $245 billion, with earnings of more than $88 billion.

Each of the companies has a boatload of cash — $94.6 billion for Amazon and $79.6 billion for Microsoft.

We’ve already seen that Amazon and Microsoft dominate the cloud services market. These two companies are also leaders in other areas. Amazon reigns as the 800-pound gorilla of e-commerce with a market share of 37.6%. Microsoft’s Windows commands a 70% market share among desktop operating systems. The company’s Office 365 suite ranks No. 2 in the productivity software market.

Both companies continue to deliver solid growth. Amazon’s revenue increased 9% year over year in its latest quarter, with earnings soaring 64%. Microsoft’s revenue jumped 13% year over year, with profits up 18%.

More importantly, both Amazon and Microsoft have strong growth prospects. Each company is poised to benefit from the ongoing AI tailwind and the shift from on-premises IT to the cloud. Amazon’s e-commerce platform and Microsoft’s software products also have solid growth potential.

Not risk-free

I don’t want to leave the impression that Amazon and Microsoft don’t have any risks, though. There’s no such thing as a risk-free stock.

Both Amazon and Microsoft face significant competition despite their current market dominance, and growth could be derailed by regulators in the U.S. and in Europe. Both stocks also trade at high valuations: Amazon’s forward price-to-earnings ratio is 34.6, while Microsoft’s forward earnings multiple is 33.2. These valuations make them more exposed if they experience a significant business disruption.

However, longtime investors know that the best stocks often command premium valuations. Amazon and Microsoft are two of the best stocks, with lifetime gains of around 227,800% and 123,200%, respectively.

Although Amazon and Microsoft face some risks, I think the pros of both stocks far outweigh the cons. If you’re a risk-averse investor who wants to profit from the AI boom, I can’t think of two better picks.

John Mackey, former CEO of Whole Foods Market, an Amazon subsidiary, is a member of The Motley Fool’s board of directors. Keith Speights has positions in Amazon and Microsoft. The Motley Fool has positions in and recommends Amazon, Microsoft, and Nvidia. The Motley Fool recommends the following options: long January 2026 $395 calls on Microsoft and short January 2026 $405 calls on Microsoft. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.



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Should You Forget Palantir and Buy These 2 Artificial Intelligence (AI) Stocks Instead? – The Globe and Mail

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Should You Forget Palantir and Buy These 2 Artificial Intelligence (AI) Stocks Instead?  The Globe and Mail



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Cognigy Leads in Opus Research’s 2025 Conversational AI Intelliview

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Distinguished for Innovation, Enterprise Readiness, and Visionary Approach to Agentic AI

Cognigy, a global leader in AI-powered customer service solutions, has been recognized as the leader in the newly released 2025 Conversational AI Intelliview from Opus Research. The report, titled “Decision-Maker’s Guide to Self-Service & Enterprise Intelligent Assistants,” shows Cognigy as the leading platform across critical evaluation areas including product capability, enterprise fit, GenAI maturity, and deployment performance.

This recognition underscores Cognigy’s commitment to empowering enterprises with production-ready, scalable AI solutions that go far beyond chatbot basics. The report cites Cognigy’s strengths in visual AI agent orchestration, tool and function calling, AI Ops and observability, and a deep commitment to enterprise-grade control—all delivered through a platform built to scale real-time customer interactions across voice and digital channels.

“Cognigy exemplifies the next stage of conversational AI maturity,” said Ian Jacobs, VP & Lead Analyst at Opus Research. “Their agentic approach—combining real-time reasoning, orchestration, and observability—demonstrates how GenAI can move beyond experimentation into meaningful, measurable transformation in the contact center.”

Cognigy was one of the few vendors identified in the report as a “True Believer” in the evolution of GenAI-driven self-service, with tools designed to simplify deployment while giving enterprises full control. The platform’s AI Agent Manager enables businesses to create, configure, and continuously improve intelligent agents—defining persona, memory scope, and access to tools and knowledge—all through a flexible, low-code interface. Cognigy uniquely blends deterministic logic with generative capabilities, ensuring both speed and reliability in automation.

“This recognition from Opus Research is more than a milestone—it’s validation that our strategy is working,” said Alan Ranger, Vice President at Cognigy. “We’re delivering real-world, enterprise-grade automation that’s transforming contact centers. From financial services to healthcare to global retail, our customers are scaling faster, resolving issues in real time, and delivering truly modern service experiences.”

With global Fortune 500 customers and partnerships across the CCaaS and AI ecosystem, Cognigy continues to lead the way in delivering enterprise-ready AI that combines usability, speed, and impact. This latest industry acknowledgment further solidifies its position as the go-to platform for intelligent self-service.

To download a copy of the report, visit https://www.cognigy.com/opus-research-2025-conversational-ai-intelliview.



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