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Why your old mobile phone may be polluting Thailand

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Gideon Long

Business reporter

Reporting fromChon Buri, Thailand
BBC Inspectors from Thailand’s industry ministry survey a pile of electronic waste during a raid of an unlicenced recycling plant in eastern ThailandBBC

The Thai government is sending out inspectors to raid unlicenced recycling facilities

At an industrial site in eastern Thailand, Thitipas Choddaechachainun sifts through mounds of scrap metal, circuit boards and old computer keyboards in a cavernous warehouse beside a busy highway.

Like forensic scientists, she and her team of inspectors from Thailand’s industry ministry take samples of the waste and carefully bag it up to be taken away for analysis.

“A lot of this is clearly electronic waste and the company that owns this site doesn’t have a licence to process it,” she concludes. “This is a growing problem in Thailand.”

Ms Choddaechachainun is the head of a ministry task force trying to get to grips with Thailand’s e-waste problem.

Each week, she and her team head out to raid these unlicenced plants, which have popped up in recent years, mostly in rural areas, out of sight of the authorities.

But despite their efforts, the problem keeps growing.

In the past, China was a major recipient of electronic waste. Tonnes of it were shipped across the world, mostly from Western countries, to be dumped there and recycled cheaply.

But in 2018, Beijing banned imports. That forced shippers to look elsewhere and many of them alighted on Thailand and other countries in south-east Asia.

Thailand introduced its own import ban in 2020 but it has not solved the problem. The amount of electronic waste flooding into the country has increased twentyfold in the past decade, from around 3,000 tonnes a year before the Chinese ban to 60,000 now, according to environmental group Earth Thailand.

Much of it comes from the US and the European Union, where consumers update their mobile phones and computers relatively frequently, and where per-capita use of electrical goods like fridges and washing machines is high.

Even though most Western countries have laws in place to prevent the dumping of e-waste in other countries, there are ways round them. Some waste, for example, is deliberately mislabelled as “second-hand electronic goods for re-sale”, only to be smashed up, recycled and smelted once it reaches its destination.

That smelting is a dirty business, releasing mercury, lead and toxic fumes into the environment. But it is also lucrative, producing millions of dollars worth of copper, gold and other valuable metals and minerals.

An Inspector take samples of electronic waste

The inspectors take samples for further study

“Thailand is not getting anything from these businesses,” Thai industry minister Akanat Promphan tells the BBC in Bangkok.

“There’s no value to the economy, it destroys the environment, it poses threats and endangers the livelihood of the people. That’s why I’ve formed a special task force to engage in a full-on crackdown on these businesses.”

He says the unlicenced recycling plants, many of which are Chinese-owned, have created “a sort of a garbage site – an international garbage processing facility – in Thailand”.

Once the e-waste arrives in Thailand and reaches the sites, it is fed into giant crushing machines which reduce it to a kind of gravel. It is then smelted to retrieve the valuable metal.

Promphan says most of that metal is then exported to China.

The environmental impact of this business can be devastating.

On his small plot of land in eastern Thailand, 57-year-old Seng Wongsena tells the BBC that polluted water running from a nearby smelter has blighted his cassava harvest. “The plants don’t flower like they used to,” he says, complaining that the smell from the smelter is so bad that it keeps him awake at night.

Local environmentalists say the plant is operating illegally and have urged the local authorities to shut it down.

International environmentalists are campaigning on these issues too.

“Thailand has really borne the brunt of so much,” says Jim Puckett, executive director of the Basel Action Network, an NGO that campaigns against the shipment of toxic waste. “If you import this very dirty material for recycling you were going to contaminate your soil, your people.”

Thailand’s fight against e-waste is part of a much larger global problem.

Thai farmer Seng Wongsena

Farmer Seng Wongsena says that pollution from a recycling plant has harmed his crops

According to the United Nations, the world produces over 60 million tonnes of electrical and electronic waste each year – twice as much as 15 years ago. That figure is projected to grow by more than 30% by the end of the decade.

Less than a quarter of it is collected and recycled responsibly, the UN says. And the rate of recycling is failing to keep up with the rate at which we are generating it.

Some countries have introduced laws to make the manufacturers of electronic goods – the likes of Apple, Samsung, Dell and Hewlett Packard – more responsible for taking back gadgets once they have reached the end of their life and disposing of them responsibly.

Thailand is planning to follow suit with a law of its own.

“I’m hoping for the enactment of this new legislation as soon as possible, maybe towards the end of this year, maybe at the beginning of next year,” Promphan says. “I’m fully committed to take full actions against this illegal business and drive them out completely.”

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Three ways you can make AI generate business leads for you

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For quite a while now, people within the business community have been talking about how AI continues to improve task efficiency and streamline operations, but few are truly exploring how this new era is affecting new business lead generation.

Since opening Agent99’s doors 18 years ago, part of my new business strategy has simply been to ask people how they found us. The majority of our leads come through referrals, followed by Google. However, just last week, I was on two new business calls and when I asked both prospects how they came across Agent99, they gave the same surprising response: “by asking ChatGPT”.

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Where consumers and clients once relied on Google for recommendations, be it agencies, restaurants, dry cleaners, or anything in between, that’s no longer the default.

Today, people are entering these same queries into AI tools and expecting real-time, curated answers based on a mix of web data, reviews, and sentiment. And this shift has caught many business owners off guard. A high Google ranking no longer guarantees your business will be visible or recommended through AI platforms. All that work on your SEO strategy? It’s no longer the only game in town.

This was a light bulb moment for me as a business owner. If you’re not thinking about how you rank on AI platforms and prioritising this, you’re losing new business opportunities.

When I took a deeper look at why we were ranking so well on ChatGPT, and how this new kind of ‘search engine’ prioritises content, I realised (after some thorough research) that it’s because we’ve consistently focussed on our own PR (ie third party credible endorsement), winning awards, garnering reviews from our clients, and reporting on our marketing campaigns on our own website blog and social pages. This is what AI platforms prioritise when making recommendations. 

So, if you’ve noticed a dip in leads lately or you simply want to boost your company’s visibility in the AI space, here are three strategies I strongly recommend. 

Make your SEO plan AI-friendly

It’s no longer enough to optimise your company website for Google alone. Instead of short, Boolean-style search queries, people are now asking long-form, conversational questions. And in response, tools like ChatGPT are generating concise, curated answers drawn from a wide range of sources — with a clear preference for natural, human-sounding language.

It might seem ironic that AI prefers human content, but it’s the new reality.

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To match this, we recommend rewriting key pages on your website, starting with your ‘About’, ‘Services’ and ‘Home’ pages, using language that mirrors how real people would ask for your services in everyday conversation.

For example, instead of writing: “We deliver integrated management solutions,” try: “We help Australian businesses develop management strategies that support sustainable growth”.

If relevant, start a blog that directly answers the kinds of questions people might be asking ChatGPT, and think carefully about how they’re asking them. Once you’ve mapped out your content strategy, commit to publishing consistently. AI platforms favour businesses that post regularly and demonstrate long-term authority in their field.

Prioritise earned media and content

AI tools place more weight on what others say about your business than what you say about yourself. So, while your website content is important, the next priority is securing earned media coverage. This includes article mentions in credible publications and thought leadership content in niche outlets relevant to your industry.

While the media landscape has evolved, organic coverage on high-authority platforms still carries serious influence. That includes local business media, trade publications, and long-form podcasts — especially those with strong digital footprints. A single mention in a well-respected outlet often holds more weight than a dozen paid ads in the eyes of AI.

You should also be submitting your business for awards, rankings, and “Best of” lists. Third-party recognition like “Top PR Agencies in Australia” or “Best Accountants in Melbourne” dramatically increases your chances of being recommended by AI tools for those search terms.

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Lastly, make sure you’re actively collecting client testimonials and online reviews. Reach out to past and current clients and ask for a testimonial you can publish. Genuine, positive sentiment from others boosts your ranking and trust level within AI results.

Show up where conversations are happening

A lesser-known — but highly effective — way to improve your AI visibility is by showing up where your audience is already talking. Think Reddit, Quora, LinkedIn comments, Facebook groups, and even the comment sections of popular blogs or YouTube videos. AI tools are constantly crawling and learning from these conversations, and businesses that participate meaningfully often see a lift in visibility.

Start by choosing two or three platforms where your target audience is most active. If you’re B2B, this might be LinkedIn or industry forums. If you’re more consumer-facing, Reddit, TikTok, or Facebook might be the place. Jump in, answer questions, share your perspective, and most importantly, offer value.

When your brand is mentioned organically or involved in high-engagement threads, it sends strong signals to AI tools. Over time, this can help position your business as a credible authority in your space.

Also, respond to users who tag or mention your brand on social platforms. Engaging with user-generated content builds trust, encourages loyalty, and creates digital breadcrumbs that prove your relevance and responsiveness — two factors that AI prioritises more than ever.

AI isn’t just a trend; it’s a fundamental shift in how consumers discover and choose businesses.

Rather than fearing this new giant in the room, lean in. By understanding how AI platforms work and proactively shaping your digital footprint, you’ll improve your ability to attract quality leads, earn recommendations, and strengthen your brand presence in what’s becoming an increasingly competitive and complex market.



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Maternity brand Seraphine worn by Kate enters administration

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The maternity fashion retailer Seraphine, whose clothes were worn by the Princess of Wales during her three pregnancies, has ceased trading and entered administration.

Consultancy firm Interpath confirmed to the BBC on Monday that it had been appointed as administrators by the company and that the “majority” of its 95 staff had been made redundant.

It said the brand had experienced “trading challenges” in recent times with sales being hit by “fragile consumer confidence”.

The fashion retailer was founded in 2002, but perhaps hit its peak when Catherine wore its maternity clothes on several occasions, leading to items quickly selling out.

Prior to the confirmation that administrators had been appointed, which was first reported by the Financial Times, Seraphine’s website was offering discounts on items as big as 60%. Its site now appears to be inaccessible to shoppers.

The main job of administration is to save the company, and administrators will try to rescue it by selling it, or parts of it. If that is not possible it will be closed down and all its saleable assets sold.

Will Wright, UK chief executive of Interpath, said economic challenges such as “rising costs and brittle consumer confidence” had proved “too challenging to overcome” for Seraphine.

Interpath said options are now being explored for the business and its assets, including the Seraphine brand.

The retailer’s flagship store was in Kensington High Street, London, but other well-known shops, such as John Lewis and Next, also stocked its goods.

The rise in popularity of Seraphine, driven in part by Royalty wearing its clothes, led to the company listing on the London Stock Exchange in 2021, before being taking back into private ownership in 2023.

Interpath said in April this year, the company “relaunched its brand identity, with a renewed focus on form, function and fit”.

“However, with pressure on cashflow continuing to mount, the directors of the business sought to undertake an accelerated review of their investment options, including exploring options for sale and refinance,” a statement said.

“Sadly, with no solvent options available, the directors then took the difficult decision to file for the appointment of administrators.”

Staff made redundant as a result of the company’s downfall are to be supported making claims to the redundancy payments service, Interpath added.



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Landmark day for victims as initial findings expected

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Tuesday will mark another big milestone in the long road to justice for the victims of the Post Office IT scandal.

The chair of the inquiry into it – Sir Wyn Williams – will publish the first part of his final report, focusing on compensation and the human impact of the scandal.

Thousands of sub-postmasters were wrongly blamed for financial losses from the Post Office’s faulty Horizon computer system, which was developed by Fujitsu.

More than 900 people were prosecuted and 236 were sent to prison in what is believed to be one of the biggest miscarriages of justices in UK history.

Sir Wyn put those victims at the heart of the inquiry’s work, which has pored over several decades worth of technical evidence and grilled many of those who had a role in ruining so many lives.

Dozens of sub-postmasters gave evidence too – many who had lost their businesses, their homes and some who served prison sentences.

Sir Wyn’s findings on their treatment will surely be damning given everything he has heard since the inquiry began in 2022.

The inquiry became almost box office viewing – racking up more than 20 million views on YouTube, with people with no connection to the Post Office following it closely.

However, it is going to be months before we find out who Sir Wyn will point the finger of blame at.

That will come in part two of the report, meaning that accountability is still a long way off.

Sir Wyn has taken a big interest in compensation for the victims, admitting at one point that he’d stretched his terms of reference on the issue, “perhaps beyond breaking point”.

He held four separate hearings on redress and issued an interim report in 2023, likening the various schemes to a “patchwork quilt with a few holes in it”.

Victims and their legal representatives still battling to secure final payouts will be looking to see what his conclusions are on compensation and whether it is living up to the mantra of being full and fair.

They hope his recommendations will result in more action.

Still, you might be wondering why we’re only getting the first part of the final report.

Sir Wyn knows how pressing compensation is to many of the victims and that’s why he wants to publish his recommendations on the issue as soon as possible.

“It’s something I am very keen to say as much about as I reasonably can,” he told the inquiry last year.

But the implication from this is that part two – establishing what happened and who is to blame – isn’t coming out any time soon.

This second report may not be published until 2026 given the sheer volume and complexity of the evidence as well as the need to give those who are criticised the chance to respond.

As for justice, any criminal trials may not start until 2028. Police investigating the scandal confirmed last month that files won’t be handed to prosecutors until after the final inquiry report is published.

After years of waiting, even after part one of Sir Wyn’s report is published, the sub-postmasters’ long road to justice will continue.



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