A NOTE FROM SCOTT With the 82nd Venice, 52nd Telluride and 50th Toronto film festivals and the 77th Primetime Emmy Awards now in the rearview mirror, the focus of the awards-industrial complex — journalists, publicists and talent — has shifted fully to the race to the 98th Oscars.
Since our last check-in, Chloé Zhao’s Hamnet (Focus) solidified its frontrunner status by winning Toronto’s audience award, with Frankenstein and Wake Up Dead Man: A Knives Out Mystery (both Netflix) placing second and third, respectively. Toronto’s audience award is often predictive of best picture Oscar traction — Chariots of Fire, American Beauty, Slumdog Millionaire, The King’s Speech, 12 Years a Slave, Green Book and Zhao’s 2020 film Nomadland all won the former and went on to win the latter — but not always (last year’s winner, The Life of Chuck, faces an uphill climb this season).
Venice, meanwhile, awarded its top prize, the Golden Lion, to Father Mother Sister Brother (Mubi). Among its other winners: Benny Safdie was named best director for The Smashing Machine (A24) and Toni Servillo was chosen as best actor for La Grazia (Mubi).
Back in LA, journalists who were not in Venice, including myself, have just seen Kathryn Bigelow’s A House of Dynamite (Netflix). A directing tour-de-force and true ensemble piece, it will spark the same sort of concern and conversation about the proliferation of nuclear weapons that the 1983 ABC TV movie The Day After — one of the most watched TV programs of all time — did two generations ago.
Paul Thomas Anderson’s One Battle After Another (Warner Bros.) has also begun screening in LA. Many journalists caught it last week — I was still in Toronto, so I will be seeing it later this week — and it unspooled for Academy members on Saturday night. Other member screenings last weekend included Kiss of the Spider Woman (Roadside), with Jennifer Lopez in attendance for a post-screening Q&A, and the documentary feature Riefenstahl (Kino Lorber).
And, ahead of the Oct. 1 submission deadline, the best international feature Oscar competition is continuing to shape up. The most significant recent news related to that is Brazil’s submission of The Secret Agent (Neon), which has been playing through the roof at festival and industry screenings, with writer/director Kleber Mendonça Filho and lead actor Wagner Moura both looking like very strong contenders.
Additionally, Poland enteredKafka (still seeking U.S. distribution), the latest film from the great Agnieszka Holland, who has previously had films chosen to represent Poland (2011’s In Darkness, which was nominated, and 2017’s Spoor), West Germany (1985’s Angry Harvest, which was nominated) and the Czech Republic (2020’s Charlatan, which was shortlisted).
Please remember: my forecasts do not necessarily reflect my personal preferences. My aim is not to advocate for what I think the members of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences should do, but rather to project what they will do. I arrive at my projections by screening many films, analyzing their campaigns, speaking with voters and studying relevant history and stats.
Best Picture
Image Credit: Agata Grzybowska / Focus Features
Frontrunners Hamnet (Focus) Sentimental Value (Neon) Sinners (Warner Bros.) A House of Dynamite (Netflix) The Secret Agent (Neon) Jay Kelly (Netflix) It Was Just An Accident (Neon) Bugonia (Focus) Train Dreams (Netflix) Roofman (Paramount)
Major Threats The Smashing Machine (A24) Nouvelle Vague (Netflix) Springsteen: Deliver Me from Nowhere (20th Century) Rental Family (Searchlight) Nuremberg (Sony Classics) F1 (Apple/Warner Bros.) Weapons (Warner Bros.)
Possibilities Frankenstein (Netflix) Materialists (A24) Warfare (A24) Highest 2 Lowest (A24) Dead Man’s Wire (Row K) Die My Love (Mubi)
Long Shots The Life of Chuck (Neon) La Grazia (Mubi) The Lost Bus (Apple) Hedda (Amazon/MGM) Kiss of the Spider Woman (Roadside) Ballad of a Small Player (Netflix)
Still to See/Under Embargo After the Hunt (Amazon/MGM) Avatar: Fire and Ash (20th Century) Ella McCay (20th Century) Father Mother Sister Brother (Mubi) Is This Thing On? (Searchlight) Marty Supreme (A24) No Other Choice (Neon) One Battle After Another (Warner Bros.) Song Sung Blue (Focus) Wake Up Dead Man: A Knives Out Mystery (Netflix) Wicked: For Good (Universal)
Best Director
Image Credit: Pascal Le Segretain/Getty Images
Frontrunners Ryan Coogler for Sinners (Warner Bros.) Chloé Zhao for Hamnet (Focus) Joachim Trier for Sentimental Value (Neon) Kathryn Bigelow for A House of Dynamite (Netflix) Kleber Mendonça Filho for The Secret Agent (Neon)
Major Threats Noah Baumbach for Jay Kelly (Netflix) Jafar Panahi for It Was Just an Accident (Neon) Yorgos Lanthimos for Bugonia (Focus) Clint Bentley for Train Dreams (Netflix) Richard Linklater for Nouvelle Vague (Netflix) — podcast Derek Cianfrance for Roofman (Paramount) Benny Safdie for The Smashing Machine (A24) Guillermo del Toro for Frankenstein (Netflix) — podcast 1 and 2
Possibilities Scott Cooper for Springsteen: Deliver Me from Nowhere (20th Century) Hikari for Rental Family (Searchlight) Celine Song for Materialists (A24) — podcast Lynne Ramsay for Die My Love (Mubi) Spike Lee for Highest 2 Lowest (A24) — podcast Zach Cregger for Weapons (Warner Bros.) Paolo Sorrentino for La Grazia (Mubi) — podcast Gus Van Sant for Dead Man’s Wire (Row K)
Long Shots James Vanderbilt for Nuremberg (Sony Classics) Eva Victor for Sorry, Baby (A24) Joseph Kosinski for F1 (Apple/Warner Bros.) Alex Garland & Ray Mendoza for Warfare (A24) Mike Flanagan for The Life of Chuck (Neon) Paul Greengrass for The Lost Bus (Apple) — podcast Nia DaCosta for Hedda (Amazon/MGM) Bill Condon for Kiss of the Spider Woman (Roadside)
Still to See/Under Embargo Paul Thomas Anderson for One Battle After Another (Warner Bros.) Craig Brewer for Song Sung Blue (Focus) James L. Brooks for Ella McCay (20th Century) James Cameron for Avatar: Fire and Ash (20th Century) Jon M. Chu for Wicked: For Good (Universal) Bradley Cooper for Is This Thing On? (Searchlight) Luca Guadagnino for After the Hunt (Amazon/MGM) Jim Jarmusch for Father Mother Sister Brother (Mubi) Rian Johnson for Wake Up Dead Man: A Knives Out Story (Netflix) Park Chan-wook for No Other Choice (Neon) Josh Safdie for Marty Supreme (A24)
Best Actor
Image Credit: Netflix
BEST ACTOR
Frontrunners Wagner Moura for The Secret Agent (Neon) George Clooney for Jay Kelly (Netflix) — podcast Michael B. Jordan for Sinners (Warner Bros.) — podcast Joel Edgerton for Train Dreams (Netflix) — podcast Jesse Plemons for Bugonia (Focus) — podcast
Major Threats Dwayne Johnson for The Smashing Machine (A24) Channing Tatum for Roofman (Paramount) Jeremy Allen White for Springsteen: Deliver Me from Nowhere (20th Century) Brendan Fraser for Rental Family (Searchlight) — podcast Toni Servillo for La Grazia (Mubi) Bill Skarsgård for Dead Man’s Wire (Row K)
Possibilities Colin Farrell for Ballad of a Small Player (Netflix) — podcast Cillian Murphy for Steve (Netflix) — podcast Rami Malek for Nuremberg (Sony Classics) — podcast Russell Crowe for Nuremberg (Sony Classics) Oscar Isaac for Frankenstein (Netflix) — podcast Denzel Washington for Highest 2 Lowest (A24) — podcast
Long Shots Brad Pitt for F1 (Apple/Warner Bros.) Matthew McConaughey for The Lost Bus (Apple) — podcast Tonatiuh Elizarraraz for Kiss of the Spider Woman (Roadside) Guillaume Marbeck for Nouvelle Vague (Netflix) Josh Brolin for Weapons (Warner Bros.) Tom Hiddleston for The Life of Chuck (Neon) — podcast
Still to See/Under Embargo Will Arnett for Is This Thing On? (Searchlight) Timothée Chalamet for Marty Supreme (A24) — podcast Daniel Craig for Wake Up Dead Man: A Knives Out Mystery (Netflix) — podcast Daniel Day-Lewis for Anemone (Focus) Leonardo DiCaprio for One Battle After Another (Warner Bros.) Ethan Hawke for Blue Moon (Sony Classics) — podcast Hugh Jackman for Song Sung Blue (Focus) — podcast Robert Pattinson for Mickey 17 (Warner Bros.) — podcast
Best Actress
Image Credit: Mia Cioffi Henry/Courtesy of Sundance
Frontrunners Jessie Buckley for Hamnet (Focus) Renate Reinsve for Sentimental Value (Neon) Emma Stone for Bugonia (Focus) — podcast Jennifer Lawrence for Die My Love (Mubi) — podcast Sydney Sweeney for Christy (Black Bear) — podcast
Major Threats Rose Byrne for If I Had Legs I’d Kick You (A24) June Squibb for Eleanor the Great (Sony Classics) Jodie Foster for A Private Life (Sony Classics) — podcast Eva Victor for Sorry, Baby (A24)
Possibilities Felicity Jones for Train Dreams (Netflix) Julia Garner for Weapons (Warner Bros.) — podcast Tessa Thompson for Hedda (Amazon/MGM)
Long Shots Lucy Liu for Rosemead (Vertical) — podcast Dakota Johnson for Materialists (A24) — podcast Arienne Mandi for Tatami (Flawless)
Still to See/Under Embargo Cate Blanchett for Father Mother Sister Brother (Mubi) — podcast 1 and 2 Laura Dern for Is This Thing On? (Searchlight) Cynthia Erivo for Wicked: For Good (Universal) — podcast Emma Mackey for Ella McCay (20th Century) Kate Hudson for Song Sung Blue (Focus) — podcast Julia Roberts for After the Hunt (Amazon/MGM) — podcast
Best Supporting Actor
Image Credit: Warner Bros.
Frontrunners Stellan Skarsgård for Sentimental Value (Neon) — podcast Adam Sandler for Jay Kelly (Netflix) — podcast Paul Mescal for Hamnet (Focus) Billy Crudup for Jay Kelly (Netflix) William H. Macy for Train Dreams (Netflix)
Major Threats Jeremy Strong for Springsteen: Deliver Me from Nowhere (20th Century) — podcast Mark Hamill for The Life of Chuck (Neon) — podcast Jacob Elordi for Frankenstein (Netflix) Michael Shannon for Nuremberg (Sony Classics) — podcast Leo Woodall for Nuremberg (Sony Classics) Ben Foster for Christy (Black Bear)
Possibilities Miles Caton for Sinners (Warner Bros.) Jack O’Connell for Sinners (Warner Bros.) Delroy Lindo for Sinners (Warner Bros.) — podcast Stephen Graham for Springsteen: Deliver Me from Nowhere (Searchlight) Pedro Pascal for Materialists (A24)
Long Shots Idris Elba for A House of Dynamite (Netflix) Tracy Letts for A House of Dynamite (Netflix) Diego Luna for Kiss of the Spider Woman (Roadside) — podcast Aubry Dullin for Nouvelle Vague (Netflix) Robert Pattinson for Die My Love (Mubi) — podcast Josh O’Connor for The History of Sound (Mubi)
Still to See/Under Embargo Jonathan Bailey for Wicked: For Good (Universal) Sean Bean for Anemone (Focus) Samuel Bottomley for Anemone (Focus) Josh Brolin for Wake Up Dead Man: A Knives Out Mystery (Netflix) Albert Brooks for Ella McCay (20th Century) Bradley Cooper for Is This Thing On? (Searchlight) Benicio Del Toro for One Battle After Another (Warner Bros.) — podcast Adam Driver for Father Mother Sister Brother (Mubi) — podcast Andrew Garfield for After the Hunt (Amazon/MGM) — podcast Woody Harrelson for Ella McCay (20th Century) Jack Lowden for Ella McCay (20th Century) Josh O’Connor for Wake Up Dead Man: A Knives Out Mystery (Netflix) Sean Penn for One Battle After Another (Warner Bros.) — podcast Andrew Scott for Blue Moon (Sony Classics) Andrew Scott for Wake Up Dead Man: A Knives Out Mystery (Netflix) Alexander Skarsgård for Pillion (A24) — podcast Michael Stuhlbarg for After the Hunt (Amazon/MGM)
Best Supporting Actress
Image Credit: Eros Hoagland/Netflix
Frontrunners Jennifer Lopez for Kiss of the Spider Woman (Roadside) — podcast Emily Blunt for The Smashing Machine (A24) — podcast Elle Fanning for Sentimental Value (Neon) — podcast Inga Ibsdotter Lilleaas for Sentimental Value (Neon) Amy Madigan for Weapons (Warner Bros.)
Major Threats Hailee Steinfeld for Sinners (Warner Bros.) — podcast Kirsten Dunst for Roofman (Paramount) — podcast Kerry Condon for Train Dreams (Netflix) Zoey Deutch for Nouvelle Vague (Netflix) — podcast Nina Hoss for Hedda (Amazon/MGM)
Possibilities Rebecca Ferguson for A House of Dynamite (Netflix) Odessa Young for Springsteen: Deliver Me from Nowhere (20th Century) Wunmi Mosaku for Sinners (Warner Bros.) Emily Watson for Hamnet (Focus) Laura Dern for Jay Kelly (Netflix)
Long Shots Milvia Marigliano for La Grazia (Mubi) Tânia Maria for The Secret Agent (Neon) Sissy Spacek for Die My Love (Mubi) — podcast Mia Goth for Frankenstein (Netflix) Zar Amir Ebrahimi for Tatami (Flawless)
Still to See/Under Embargo Odessa A’zion for Marty Supreme (A24) Glenn Close for Wake Up Dead Man: A Knives Out Mystery (Netflix) — podcast Jamie Lee Curtis for Ella McCay (20th Century) Ayo Edebiri for After the Hunt (Amazon/MGM) Ariana Grande for Wicked: For Good (Universal) — podcast Regina Hall for One Battle After Another (Warner Bros.) Chase Infiniti for One Battle After Another (Warner Bros.) Vicky Krieps for Father Mother Sister Brother (Mubi) Samantha Morton for Anemone (Focus) Safia Oakley-Green for Anemone (Focus) Gwyneth Paltrow for Marty Supreme (A24) Margaret Qualley for Blue Moon (Sony Classics) Chloë Sevigny for After the Hunt (Amazon/MGM) — podcast Teyana Taylor for One Battle After Another (Warner Bros.) Kerry Washington for Wake Up Dead Man: A Knives Out Mystery (Netflix) — podcast Sigourney Weaver for Avatar: Fire and Ash (20th Century)
Best Adapted Screenplay
Image Credit: 20th Century Studios
Frontrunners Hamnet (Focus) — Chloé Zhao Bugonia (Focus) — Will Tracy Train Dreams (Netflix) — Clint Bentley & Greg Kwedar Nouvelle Vague (Netflix) — Holly Gent, Michèle Halberstadt, Laetitia Masson & Vincent Palmo The Smashing Machine (A24) — Benny Safdie
Major Threats Springsteen: Deliver Me from Nowhere (20th Century) — Scott Cooper Nuremberg (Sony Classics) — James Vanderbilt Die My Love (Mubi) — Alice Birch, Lynne Ramsay & Enda Walsh The Life of Chuck (Neon) — Mike Flanagan
Possibilities Frankenstein (Netflix) — Guillermo del Toro — podcast 1 and 2 Hedda (Amazon/MGM) — Nia DaCosta Ballad of a Small Player (Netflix) — Rowan Joffé
Long Shots Highest 2 Lowest (A24) — Alan Fox The Lost Bus (Apple) — Paul Greengrass & Brad Ingelsby — podcast (Greengrass) The History of Sound (Mubi) — Ben Shattuck Downton Abbey: The Grand Finale (Focus) — Julian Fellowes — podcast
Still to See/Under Embargo Avatar: Fire and Ash (20th Century) — James Cameron, Rick Jaffa & Amanda Silver One Battle After Another (Warner Bros.) — Paul Thomas Anderson Song Sung Blue (Focus) — Craig Brewer Wake Up Dead Man: A Knives Out Mystery (Netflix) — Rian Johnson Wicked: For Good (Universal) — Dana Fox & Winnie Holzman
Best Original Screenplay
Image Credit: Paramount Pictures
Frontrunners Sentimental Value (Neon) — Joachim Trier & Eskil Vogt Sinners (Warner Bros.) — Ryan Coogler A House of Dynamite (Netflix) — Noah Oppenheim Jay Kelly (Netflix) — Noah Baumbach & Emily Mortimer The Secret Agent (Neon) — Kleber Mendonça Filho
Major Threats It Was Just an Accident (Neon) — Jafar Panahi Materialists (A24) — Celine Song Roofman (Paramount) — Derek Cianfrance & Kirt Gunn Rental Family (Searchlight) — Stephen Blahut & Hikari
Possibilities Weapons (Warner Bros.) — Zach Cregger Warfare (A24) — Alex Garland & Ray Mendoza Sorry, Baby (A24) — Eva Victor Left-Handed Girl (Netflix) — Sean Baker & Shih-Ching Tsou — podcast (Baker) Dead Man’s Wire (Row K) — Austin Kolodney
Long Shots A Private Life (Sony Classics) — Anne Berest, Gaëlle Macé & Rebecca Zlotowski If I Had Legs I’d Kick You (A24) — Mary Bronstein Eleanor the Great (Sony Classics) — Tory Kamen F1 (Apple/Warner Bros.) — Ehren Kruger The Phoenician Scheme (Focus) — Wes Anderson & Roman Coppola
Still to See/Under Embargo After the Hunt (Amazon/MGM) — Nora Garrett Anemone (Focus) — Daniel Day-Lewis & Ronan Day-Lewis Ella McCay (20th Century) — James L. Brooks Father Mother Sister Brother (Mubi) — Jim Jarmusch Is This Thing On? (Searchlight) — Will Arnett, Mark Chappell & Bradley Cooper Marty Supreme (A24) — Ronald Bronstein & Josh Safdie The Mastermind (Mubi) — Kelly Reichardt
Best International Feature
Image Credit: Netflix
Frontrunners *Norway — Sentimental Value (Neon) *Brazil — The Secret Agent (Neon) France — Nouvelle Vague (Netflix) France — It Was Just an Accident (Neon) Italy — La Grazia (Mubi)
Major Threats *Germany — Sound of Falling (Mubi) *Ukraine — 2000 Meters to Andriivka (PBS) Spain — Sirāt (Neon) *Taiwan — Left-Handed Girl (Netflix) France — A Private Life (Sony Classics)
Still to See/Under Embargo *Jordan — All That’s Left of You (Watermelon) *Czech Republic — I’m Not Everything I Want to Be (still seeking U.S. distribution) *Poland — Kafka (still seeking U.S. distribution) *Switzerland — Late Shift (still seeking U.S. distribution) *Iceland — The Love That Remains (Janus) *Chile — The Mysterious Gaze of the Flamingo (still seeking U.S. distribution) *South Korea — No Other Choice (Neon) *Iraq — The President’s Cake (Sony Classics) *Canada — The Things You Kill (still seeking U.S. distribution) *Tunisia — The Voice of Hind Rajab (still seeking U.S. distribution) *Belgium — Young Mothers (Music Box)
*denotes official submission
Best Documentary Feature
Image Credit: Bayerische Staatsbibliothek Bildarchiv/Venice Film Festival
Frontrunners Apocalypse in the Tropics (Netflix) 2000 Meters to Andriivka (PBS) The Perfect Neighbor (Netflix) My Mom Jayne (HBO) The Alabama Solution (HBO)
Major Threats Riefenstahl (Kino Lorber) Put Your Soul on Your Hand and Walk (Kino Lorber) Come See Me in the Good Light (Apple) Deaf President Now! (Apple) Folktales (Magnolia) Prime Minister (Magnolia) Orwell: 2+2=5 (Neon)
Possibilities Predators (MTV) One to One: John & Yoko (Magnolia) Grand Theft Hamlet (Mubi) The Man Who Saves the World? (Area 23a) The Eyes of Ghana (still seeking U.S. distribution) Sly Lives! (aka The Burden of Black Genius) (Hulu) Diane Warren: Relentless (MasterClass)
Still to See/Under Embargo Always (still seeking U.S. distribution) Andre Is An Idiot (still seeking U.S. distribution) Architecton (A24) Art for Everybody (still seeking U.S. distribution) Blknws: Terms & Conditions (still seeking U.S. distribution) Champions of the Golden Valley (still seeking U.S. distribution) Coexistence, My Ass! (still seeking U.S. distribution) Cover-Up (still seeking U.S. distribution) Cutting Through Rocks (still seeking U.S. distribution) The Dating Game (still seeking U.S. distribution) Facing War (still seeking U.S. distribution) Heightened Scrutiny (still seeking U.S. distribution) Holding Liat (still seeking U.S. distribution) How to Build a Library (still seeking U.S. distribution) It’s Never Over, Jeff Buckley (Magnolia) Karl (still seeking U.S. distribution) The Librarians (Independent Lens) Life After (POV) Marc by Sofia (A24) Move Ya Body (still seeking U.S. distribution) Mr. Nobody Against Putin (still seeking U.S. distribution) Remake (still seeking U.S. distribution) A Savage Art: The Life & Cartoons of Pat Oliphant (Magnolia) Seeds (still seeking U.S. distribution) Shari & Lamb Chop (Kino Lorber) Stiller & Meara: Nothing Is Lost (Apple) Timestamp (still seeking U.S. distribution) Zodiac Killer Project (Music Box)
Best Animated Feature
Image Credit: Disney
Frontrunners KPop Demon Hunters (Netflix) Arco (Neon) In Your Dreams (Netflix) Elio (Disney/Pixar) Fixed (Netflix)
Still to See/Under Embargo Animal Farm (still seeking U.S. distribution) The Bad Guys 2 (Universal) ChaO (GKIDS) Dandelion’s Odyssey (still seeking U.S. distribution) Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba Infinity Castle (Sony) Dog Man (Universal) Hypergalactic (Charades) The King of Kings (Angel) The Legend of Hei 2 (GKIDS) Lilo & Stitch (Disney) Little Amélie or the Character of Rain (GKIDS) Lost in Starlight (Netflix) A Magnificent Life (Sony Classics) Ne Zha 2 (A24) Paddington in Peru (Sony) Predator: Killer of Killers (Hulu) Scarlet (Sony Classics) Smurfs (Paramount) Sneaks (Briarcliff) Stitch Head (Briarcliff) The Twits (Netflix) Zootopia 2 (Disney)
The debut mission of Northrop Grumman’s new jumbo cargo spacecraft didn’t go off without a hitch.
The company’s first “Cygnus XL” freighter suffered a thruster issue in orbit early Tuesday morning (Sept. 16), two days after launching toward the International Space Station (ISS) atop a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket.
As a result, “the Cygnus XL will not arrive to the space station on Wednesday, Sept. 17, as originally planned, with a new arrival date and time under review,” NASA officials announced in an update on Tuesday afternoon.
The Cygnus XL’s “main engine stopped earlier than planned during two burns designed to raise the orbit of the spacecraft for rendezvous with the space station, where it will deliver 11,000 pounds of scientific investigations and cargo to the orbiting laboratory for NASA,” agency officials added in the update. “All other Cygnus XL systems are performing normally.”
Cygnus XL is the latest version of Virginia-based Northrop Grumman’s Cygnus freighter. Previous iterations hauled about 8,500 pounds (3,856 kg) to the ISS.
The current mission is known as NG-23, because it was supposed to be the 23rd cargo effort that Northrop Grumman flies to the ISS for NASA. But the 22nd was canceled after the Cygnus was damaged during transport to the launch site.
Cygnus is one of three freighters that resupply the ISS, along with SpaceX’s Dragon capsule and Russia’s Progress vehicle.
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Cygnus and Progress are expendable, while Dragon is reusable. The NG-23 Cygnus XL — named S.S. William “Willie” McCool, after one of the astronauts who died in the 2003 Columbia space shuttle disaster — is slated to stay attached to the ISS until March 2026, when it will depart to burn up in Earth’s atmosphere.
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The damage occurred during the shipment of the spacecraft’s pressurized cargo module from its manufacturer in Italy. While Northrop Grumman hopes to repair the module and launch it on a future flight, officials decided it would be quicker to move forward with the next spacecraft in line for launch this month.
This is the first flight of a larger model of the Cygnus spacecraft known as the Cygnus XL, measuring 5.2 feet (1.6 meters) longer, with the ability to carry 33 percent more cargo than the previous Cygnus spacecraft design. With this upgrade, this mission is carrying the heaviest load of supplies ever delivered to the ISS by a commercial cargo vehicle.
The main engine on the Cygnus spacecraft burns a mixture of hydrazine and nitrogen tetroxide propellants. This mixture is hypergolic, meaning the propellants ignite upon contact with one another, a design heralded for its reliability. The spacecraft has a separate set of less powerful reaction control system thrusters normally used for small maneuvers, and for pointing the ship in the right direction as it makes its way to the ISS.
If the main engine is declared unusable, one possible option for getting around the main engine problem might be using these smaller thrusters to more gradually adjust the Cygnus spacecraft’s orbit to line up the final approach with the ISS. However, it wasn’t immediately clear if this was a viable option.
Unlike SpaceX’s Cargo Dragon spacecraft, the Cygnus is not designed to return to Earth intact. Astronauts fill it with trash before departure from the ISS, and then the spacecraft heads for a destructive reentry over the remote Pacific Ocean. Therefore, a problem preventing the spacecraft from reaching the ISS would result in the loss of all of the cargo onboard.
The supplies on this mission, designated NG-23, include fresh food, hardware for numerous biological and tech demo experiments, and spare parts for things like the space station’s urine processor and toilet to replenish the space station’s dwindling stocks of those items.