AI Insights
AI as Time Traveler: Predicting Ancient Futures with Forgotten Data

Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be seen as a kind of time traveler. It cannot carry people through centuries, but it can move through the data left behind. From old texts to forgotten places, AI can study the traces of the past and show patterns that people might miss.
AI is becoming a new kind of explorer for history. By moving through data instead of time, it uncovers patterns the human eye may never see. Algorithms can restore damaged texts, decode lost languages, or scan satellite images to rediscover ancient cities buried under deserts and forests. In doing so, AI helps us imagine how people once lived, adapted, and even planned for their futures.
This makes AI feel like a different kind of time traveler. It connects the past with the present and points to futures that never happened. By uncovering hidden knowledge, it helps not only historians and scientists but also anyone trying to think about where humanity is going. Studying the remains of the past is not about nostalgia. It is about learning lessons, finding patterns, and gaining ideas that can guide the future.
What Does “AI as Time Traveler” Mean?
The idea of AI as a time traveler refers to the ability of AI to examine information from the past as if moving through time. While it does not literally cross centuries, AI works like a digital researcher that brings forward details hidden in past. It can study ancient texts, artifacts, trade records, climate patterns, and forgotten archives. Through this process, AI identifies links and patterns that may not be visible to human researchers.
For instance, AI could relate trade routes to weather changes to show how societies responded to environmental changes. Such analysis provides clearer pictures of historical events and daily life. AI can also go further by creating possible what-if scenarios. These reconstructions explore paths history might have taken if certain knowledge had survived or different choices had been made.
In this sense, AI does more than examining the past. It allows us to imagine unrealized futures that past civilizations never achieved. By doing so, it deepens our understanding of human history and expands the ways we can think about its outcomes.
The Role of AI in Uncovering Forgotten Data
Much of human history has been lost over time. Wars, natural disasters, and decay destroyed countless records. Oral traditions disappeared before they were ever written down. Many ancient languages remain undeciphered. These gaps in our knowledge are what scholars call forgotten data.
AI brings new ways to recover meaning from this fragmented past. Unlike traditional methods, which often require complete records, AI can work with partial, scattered, and noisy information. By combining different sources, it uncovers patterns and connections that would otherwise remain hidden.
Several AI techniques play an important role in this process:
- Natural Language Processing (NLP): Modern language models can read damaged or incomplete texts. They recognize scripts, translate contextually, and even reconstruct missing sections of manuscripts.
- Computer Vision: Image-recognition algorithms can analyze photographs of artifacts, ruins, and old manuscripts. They have the ability to detect fine details such as faded markings or subtle textures that the human eye might miss.
- Machine Learning and Pattern Recognition: AI uses clustering and classification methods to link scattered pieces of evidence. For example, it can group broken pottery shards by style or origin, even when no single piece is whole.
- Data Integration and Fusion: AI can merge satellite images, field surveys, archives, and sensor data into unified models, providing a richer picture of historical and environmental contexts.
Additional tools such as neural translation systems and image enhancement improve the quality of damaged records. Probabilistic models allow AI to handle uncertainty and missing information, making its conclusions more reliable.
These advances are growing quickly. In 2024, the United States led global AI investment with $109.1 billion, nearly 12 times China’s $9.3 billion and 24 times the U.K.’s $4.5 billion, according to the Stanford AI Index Report 2025. These investments are leading to applications that are reshaping historical and environmental research.
In archaeology, machine learning is applied to satellite imagery and LiDAR scans to identify undiscovered sites, achieving up to 80% accuracy in areas such as Mesopotamia. Generative models are also used to reconstruct lost cultures and simulate ancient economies from incomplete data.
Beyond history, AI-assisted analysis of paleoclimate records such as ice cores and sediment layers helps refine long-term climate models. Projects like LinkedEarth and NOAA-supported initiatives use these datasets to improve understanding of past climate cycles and support more informed forecasting.
Taken together, these developments position AI as a digital archaeologist. It not only preserves the past but also recovers long-hidden knowledge, supporting historical understanding and sustainable innovation.
AI as a Tool for Reconstructing Possible Histories
Beyond recovering fragments of the past, AI is now used to model how history might have unfolded under different conditions. Instead of treating the past as fixed, researchers use algorithms to test dynamic possibilities, where incomplete records become starting points for building alternate scenarios. These applications often take the form of temporal modeling, probabilistic simulation, and multi-modal integration, each offering a way to examine how past events may have unfolded differently.
Temporal Modeling
Specialized algorithms such as Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks and transformers analyze time-dependent records. Even when data is sparse, they help identify cause–effect patterns, for example, between environmental stress and social change or between economic activity and migration.
Probabilistic Simulation
Bayesian networks, Monte Carlo methods, and generative models allow researchers to test what-if scenarios. These tools simulate alternative outcomes, such as how variations in rainfall, resource distribution, or conflict might have reshaped the stability of ancient civilizations.
Multi-Modal Integration
Graph-based models and attention mechanisms combine information from maps, inscriptions, artifacts, and climate datasets into unified simulations. This enables not just reconstruction of lost events but also exploration of multiple possible futures grounded in available evidence.
Research Ecosystem
These advances are supported by modern AI frameworks such as TensorFlow and PyTorch, large-scale data platforms like Apache Spark, and increasingly autonomous agentic AI systems that can process incomplete datasets with minimal supervision. Low-code tools now allow archaeologists and historians to design predictive experiments without extensive technical expertise.
Through these methods, AI does not simply fill gaps in history. It provides a structured way to explore how events might have diverged, offering researchers new perspectives on the resilience, fragility, and adaptability of past societies.
Real-World Examples
AI is now helping researchers uncover and reconstruct history in ways that were not possible before. In South America, a major breakthrough came when LiDAR technology revealed over 60,000 hidden Mayan structures beneath dense forest cover in northern Guatemala, including pyramids, roads, and homes. In later studies, AI has been used to analyze similar LiDAR datasets to assist in archaeological mapping.
AI is also being used to decode ancient scripts. For example, researchers are training models to analyze Linear A, an undeciphered writing system from Bronze Age Crete. These models compare unknown symbols with known languages to suggest possible meanings and linguistic structures.
Preservation efforts also benefit from AI. The RePAIR project, led by the University of Bonn, uses AI and robotics to reassemble broken frescoes and pottery at sites like Pompeii (RePAIR Project). Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have also been applied to restore damaged Roman coins and other artifacts, improving their visualization and helping with identification.
In education, universities are using AI to build 3D reconstructions of ancient sites. These models allow students to explore digital versions of cities and temples, enhancing learning through immersive experiences. Institutions like Virginia Tech and Purdue University have developed virtual environments for Egyptian tombs and Pre-Hispanic cities.
These examples show how AI is not only advancing discovery and preservation but also making the past more accessible for research, restoration, and education.
The Bottom Line
AI is becoming a powerful partner in understanding the past. It is helping archaeologists discover hidden sites, decode lost scripts, and preserve fragile artifacts with precision that was once impossible. Beyond preservation, it allows researchers to reconstruct ancient cultures, economies, and even climates, providing insights that connect history with present challenges.
These advances are not only academic. They also influence modern farming, environmental planning, and education, showing how old knowledge can transform future innovation. At the same time, the role of AI in history raises questions about accuracy, interpretation, and cultural responsibility. By treating AI as both a tool and a guide, scholars and societies can ensure that technology deepens our respect for history while offering lessons that remain vital for tomorrow.
AI Insights
Darwin Awards For AI Celebrate Epic Artificial Intelligence Fails

As the AI Darwin Awards prove, some AI ideas turn out to be far less bright than they seem.
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Not every artificial intelligence breakthrough is destined to change the world. Some are destined to make you wonder “With all this so-called intelligence flooding our lives, how could anyone think that was a smart idea?” That’s the spirit behind the AI Darwin Awards, which recognize the most spectacularly misguided uses of the technology. Submissions are open now.
Reads an introduction to the growing list of nominees, which include legal briefs replete with fictional court cases, fake books by real writers and an Airbnb host manipulating images with AI to make it appear a guest owed money for damages:
“Behold, this year’s remarkable collection of visionaries who looked at the cutting edge of artificial intelligence and thought, ‘Hold my venture capital.’ Each nominee has demonstrated an extraordinary commitment to the principle that if something can go catastrophically wrong with AI, it probably will — and they’re here to prove it.”
A software developer named Pete — who asked that his last name not be used to protect his privacy — launched the AI Darwin Awards last month, mostly as a joke, but also as a cheeky reminder that humans ultimately decide how technology gets deployed.
Don’t Blame The Chainsaw
“Artificial intelligence is just a tool — like a chainsaw, nuclear reactor or particularly aggressive blender,” reads the website for the awards. “It’s not the chainsaw’s fault when someone decides to juggle it at a dinner party.
“We celebrate the humans who looked at powerful AI systems and thought, ‘You know what this needs? Less testing, more ambition, and definitely no safety protocols!’ These visionaries remind us that human creativity in finding new ways to endanger ourselves knows no bounds.”
The AI Darwin Awards are not affiliated with the original Darwin Awards, which famously call out people who, through extraordinarily foolish choices, “protect our gene pool by making the ultimate sacrifice of their own lives.” Now that we let machines make dumb decisions for us too, it’s only fair they get their own awards.
Who Will Take The Crown?
Among the contenders for the inaugural AI Darwin Awards winner are the lawyers who defended MyPillow CEO Mike Lindell in a defamation lawsuit. They submitted an AI-generated brief with almost 30 defective citations, misquotes and references to completely fictional court cases. A federal judge fined the attorneys for their misstep, saying they violated a federal law requiring that lawyers certify court filings are grounded in the actual law.
Another nominee: the AI-generated summer reading list published earlier this year by the Chicago Sun Times and The Philadelphia Inquirer that contained fake books by real authors. “WTAF. I did not write a book called Boiling Point,” one of those authors, Rebecca Makkai, posted to BlueSky. Another writer, Min Jin Lee, also felt the need to issue a clarification.
“I have not written and will not be writing a novel called Nightshare Market,” the Pachinko author wrote on X. “Thank you.”
Then there’s the executive producer at Xbox Games Studios who suggested scores of newly laid-off employees should turn to chatbots for emotional support after losing their jobs, an idea that did not go over well.
“Suggesting that people process job loss trauma through chatbot conversations represents either breathtaking tone-deafness or groundbreaking faith in AI therapy — likely both,” the submission reads.
What Inspired The AI Darwin Awards?
The creator of the awards, who lives in Melbourne, Australia, and has worked in software for three decades, said he frequently uses large language models, including to craft the irreverent text for the AI Darwin Awards website. “It takes a lot of steering from myself to give it the desired tone, but the vast majority of actual content, probably 99%, is all the work of my LLM minions,” he said in an interview.
Pete got the idea for the awards as he and co-workers shared their experiences with AI on Slack. “Occasionally someone would post the latest AI blunder of the day and we’d all have either a good chuckle, or eye-roll or both,” he said.
The awards sit somewhere between reality and satire.
“AI will mean lots of good things for us all and it will mean lots of bad things,” the contest’s creator said. “We just need to work out how to try and increase the good and decrease the bad. In fact, our first task is to identify both the good and the bad. Hopefully the AI Darwin Awards can be a small part of that by highlighting some of the ‘bad.’”
He plans to invite the public to vote on candidates in January, with the winner to be announced in February.
For those who’d rather not win an AI Darwin Award, the site includes a handy guide for how for avoiding the dubious distinction. It includes these tips: “Test your AI systems in safe environments before deploying them globally,” “consider hiring humans for tasks that require empathy, creativity or basic common sense” and “ask ‘What’s the worst that could happen?’ and then actually think about the answer.”
AI Insights
Redefining speed: The AI revolution in clinical decision-making

Clinicians need one main thing: More time
As the EHR and data collection have become more robust, clinicians are spending more time on paperwork and administration. The American Medical Association conducted surveys in 2024 and found that physicians spent an average of 13 hours on indirect patient care (order entry, documentation, lab interpretation) and over seven hours on administrative tasks (prior authorization, insurance forms, meetings). On top of patient care, this meant a 57.8-hour workweek.
Ultimately, clinicians need more time with their patients and less time taking notes. They need more time to understand complex cases and less time spent searching for information. Information overload is also a challenge: Medical knowledge is doubling every 73 days, and patients are increasingly relying on multiple medications. It also takes an average of 17 years between clinical discovery and changing practice based on evidence—clinicians need efficient ways to stay updated in their area of expertise.
AI can produce time savings that add up
We’re seeing a revolution in how artificial intelligence (AI) can support them. As AI is introduced further into healthcare administrative work and clinical settings, there are opportunities for clinicians to be more productive and meaningful with their time.
When we look at how AI-enabled features can save time for clinicians, the amazing thing is that it’s not massive blocks of time—like 5 or 10 minutes. It’s 10 seconds on a task, or 30 seconds here, or 45 seconds there. And the clinicians we speak with are so happy about it. AI can help speed up the little things—the couple of clicks saved—and over time, that can make a huge difference. It’s multiple moments of small savings that add up to these meaningful productivity gains.
So, as we find ways to further integrate UpToDate into the workflow, this is what we think about: Finding those extra moments that matter. Getting clinical information closer to the provider so they don’t have to open extra applications for decision-making. We’re looking for multiple ways to get evidence and clinical intelligence streamlined throughout the care experience and into the EHR, presenting tremendous opportunities for time savings.
The opportunities are plentiful. How can ambient and note-taking technology link to the relevant evidence-based clinical content for quick reference? How could patient interactions with chatbots ahead of a clinic visit prep the provider with relevant evidence in advance? Identifying innovative partners that can work alongside us in ambient solutions, documentation, chatbots, and more can help bring content and evidence closer to clinicians and save those seconds over time.
Time savings can bring new clinical opportunities
What can clinicians do with that saved time? Some have been concerned that GenAI tools will deteriorate clinical decision-making skills—our recent Future Ready Healthcare report showed that 57% of respondents share these concerns. But I like to think about the opportunities created through those time savings: How can AI help open up space for deeper critical thinking?
With AI saving time and supporting smaller tasks, the first thing it can do is alleviate some of the administrative burden, which is already happening. It can also expand critical thinking opportunities and provide space to consider challenges in healthcare that historically we haven’t had time to solve. It can “re-humanize medical practice” in a way that provides professional fulfillment and allows clinicians to spend more time as caregivers, rather than note-takers. When these efforts are scaled across the workforce, it can result in productivity gains and operational efficiencies across an enterprise.
AI tools need to be grounded in expert-driven evidence
As we rapidly move into the AI era, it’s easy to find tools that seem to give faster answers, especially among generative AI (GenAI) tools. But are they grounded in evidence and industry recommendations?
Keeping expert clinicians in the loop is critical—if you’ve trusted UpToDate for a while, you’ll know this is our position. Our clinical decision support is grounded not just in evidence but in the recommendations of over 7,600 clinical practitioners and experts who curate content as new evidence emerges, and provide graded recommendations to help guide decision-making, even when the conditions are gray. Relying on clinical recommendations curated by human experts keeps the information and care guidance current and relevant. As AI is layered on top of these human-generated recommendations, clinicians can start finding information more efficiently—saving precious seconds with each patient.
We know this expertise matters. A 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health survey of US physicians showed they were overall positive about the prospects of GenAI in clinical settings; however, 91% said they would have to know the materials the AI was trained on were created by doctors and medical experts in order to trust it. They also overwhelmingly wanted (89%) the technology vendor to be transparent about where the information came from, who created it, and how it was sourced.
The UpToDate, you know and trust, is entering a new era, which is in line with Bud Rose’s vision for a consultative conversation with clinical experts. And we’re just getting started—join us in helping shape the next wave of healthcare innovation.
Read our vision for the future of healthcare and explore our perspectives on AI in clinical content.
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