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How NAU professors are using AI in their research – The NAU Review

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Generative AI is in classrooms already. Can educators use this tool to enhance learning among their students instead of undercutting assignments?

Yes, said Priyanka Parekh, an assistant research professor in the Center for STEM Teaching and Learning at NAU. With a grant from NAU’s Transformation through Artificial Intelligence in Learning (TRAIL) program, Parekh is investigating how undergraduate students use GenAI as learning partners—building on what they learn in the classroom to maximize their understanding of STEM topics. It’s an important question as students make increasing use of these tools with or without their professors’ knowledge.

“As GenAI becomes an integral part of everyday life, this project contributes to building critical AI literacy skills that enable individuals to question, critique and ethically utilize AI tools in and beyond the school setting,” Parekh said.

That is the foundation of the TRAIL program, which is in its second year of offering grants to professors to explore how to use GenAI in their work. Fourteen professors received grants to implement GenAI in their classrooms this year. Now in its second year, the Office of the Provost partnered with the Office of the Vice President for Research to offer grants to professors in five different colleges to study the use of GenAI tools in research.

The recipients are:

  • Chris Johnson, School of Communication, Integrating AI-Enhanced Creative Workflows into Art, Design, Visual Communication, and Animation Education
  • Priyanka Parekh, Center for Science Teaching and Learning, Understanding Learner Interactions with Generative AI as Distributed Cognition
  • Marco Gerosa, School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, To what extent can AI replace human subjects in software engineering research?
  • Emily Schneider, Criminology and Criminal Justice, Israeli-Palestinian Peacebuilding through Artificial Intelligence
  • Delaney La Rosa, College of Nursing, Enhancing Research Proficiency in Higher Education: Analyzing the Impact of Afforai on Student Literature Review and Information Synthesis

Exploring how GenAI shapes students as learners

Parekh’s goals in her research are to understand how students engage with GenAI in real academic tasks and what this learning process looks like; to advance AI literacy, particularly among first-generation, rural and underrepresented learners; help faculty become more comfortable with AI; and provide evidence-based recommendations for integrating GenAI equitably in STEM education.

It’s a big ask, but she’s excited to see how the study shakes out and how students interact with the tools in an educational improvement. She anticipates her study will have broader applications as well; employees in industries like healthcare, engineering and finance are using AI, and her work may help implement more equitable GenAI use across a variety of industries.

“Understanding how learners interact with GenAI to solve problems, revise ideas or evaluate information can inform AI-enhanced workplace training, job simulations and continuing education,” she said.

Using AI as a collaborator, not a shortcut

Johnson, a professor of visual communication in the School of Communication, isn’t looking for AI to create art, but he thinks it can be an important tool in the creation process—one that helps human creators create even better art. His project will include:

  • Building a set of classroom-ready workflows that combine different industry tools like After Effects, Procreate Dreams and Blender with AI assistants for tasks such as storyboarding, ideation, cleanup, accessibility support
  • Running guided stories to compare baseline pipelines to AI-assisted pipelines, looking at time saved and quality
  • Creating open teaching modules that other instructors can adopt

In addition to creating usable, adaptable curriculum that teaches students to use AI to enhance their workflow—without replacing their work—and to improve accessibility standards, Johnson said this study will produce clear before and after case studies that show where AI can help and where it can’t.

“AI is changing creative industries, but the real skill isn’t pressing a button—it’s knowing how to direct, critique and refine AI as a collaborator,” Johnson said. “That’s what we’re teaching our students: how to keep authorship, ethics and creativity at the center.”

Johnson’s work also will take on the ethics of training and provenance that are a constant part of the conversation around using AI in art creation. His study will emphasize tools that respect artists’ rights and steer clear of imitating the styles of living artists without consent. He also will emphasize to students where AI fits into the work; it’s second in the process after they’ve initially created their work. It offers feedback; it doesn’t create the work.

Top photo: This is an image produced by ChatGPT illustrating Parekh’s research. I started with the prompt: “Can you make an image that has picture quality that shows a student with a reflection journal or interface showing their GenAI interaction and metacognitive responses (e.g., “Did this response help me?”)? It took a few rounds of changing the prompt, including telling AI twice to not put three hands into the image, to get to an image that reflects Parekh’s research and adheres to The NAU Review’s standards. 

Heidi Toth | NAU Communications
(928) 523-8737 | heidi.toth@nau.edu



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Creating the future with AI: Loyola University Chicago

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Wayne Kimball Jr. (right) and Dean Michael Behnam after Kimball received the 2024 Rambler on the Rise Award from Loyola’s Office of Alumni Relations.

When he was seven years old, Wayne Kimball Jr. sold watermelons on the side of the road in rural North Carolina. A few years later, he would build and fix computers in his neighborhood. With a can-do attitude and drive to find new solutions, he worked his way up from there to being a leader for tech giant Google, where he now serves as the Global Head of Growth Strategy & Market Acceleration for Google Cloud’s Business Intelligence portfolio.

Kimball’s journey has taken him around the globe, from North Carolina to Silicon Valley to the Midwest to his current home in Los Angeles. But regardless of where he has lived and worked, Kimball has remained committed to helping others, both as a Quinlan alumnus and as a community leader.

Exploring new horizons

Kimball had nearly a decade of experience in business operations, strategic investments, and management consulting before he returned to Google in 2020. There, he served as Principal for the Cloud M&A business, and subsequently as the Head of AI Strategy and Operations for Google Cloud.

“Working in corporate strategy roles at Google has a truly fulfilling opportunity because we are building for the future in spaces that don’t currently exist,” Kimball said. “I love the challenge of building the plane while flying it.”

Kimball led the integration of Mandiant, Google Cloud’s largest acquisition. In his current role, he is building global programs to accelerate business growth in alignment with the business intelligence product roadmap, delivering ‘artificial intelligence for business intelligence’ so that customers can talk to their data.

“How AI is applied varies depending on the use case and the industry,” Kimball said. “The application can be broad and scalable, yet very nuanced at the same time. AI in the medical field can be very different from AI in retail or logistics or higher education. There’s a lot of work being done to develop niche solutions for very specific use cases.”

Breaking down barriers

When he’s not seeking the next advancement in AI, Kimball works to elevate others. He says entrepreneurship is what helped him unlock the American dream and build wealth, but he learned early on that opportunity wasn’t always equitable.

“I found that despite the community’s need for entrepreneurship, entrepreneurs of color had disproportionally lower resources, particularly lacking access to networks and capital, which directly impacts opportunity for success and sustainability,” Kimball said.

Throughout his career, Kimball has volunteered and held leadership roles in organizations aimed at lifting and empowering communities that have been historically cut off from opportunity. Wayne has remained civically engaged by serving as the Western Regional Vice President of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc, the oldest intercollegiate historically African American fraternity founded at Cornell University in 1906, along with 100 Black Men of America.

Staying connected

Kimball has remained highly involved with the Quinlan community, with frequent in-person visits to Quinlan classrooms, virtual visits with MBA classes, hosting undergraduate students during the Quinlan Ramble, and meetings with other alumni. In Los Angeles, he is an active member of Loyola’s regional alumni community.

This commitment to Quinlan was recognized in 2024 when Kimball was awarded Loyola’s Rambler on the Rise award, which recognizes alumni who are servant leaders in their communities, exemplify excellence in their fields, and are engaged with Loyola after graduation. Returning to campus to accept the award brought back fond memories. That same year, he was elected to the Quinlan Dean’s Board of Advisors.

“It’s always special when you can go back to the place that contributed so much to the person and professional that you are,” Kimball said. “I was incredibly honored to be nominated, let alone receive the award.”

He credits Quinlan with helping to shape him into the transformational global leader he is today. “I’ve always been a firm believer that you should be proud of where you work, go to school, and your family, and I’m proud to be a Loyola alum and more directly a Quinlan alum,” said Kimball.

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Sam’s Club Rolls Out AI for Managers

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Sam’s Club is moving artificial intelligence out of the back office and onto the sales floor.

The Walmart-owned retailer is giving frontline managers enterprise-grade AI tools to help them make decisions faster and free them from repetitive tasks, according to a Wednesday (Sept. 10) press release. The rollout positions the chain among the first retailers in the United States to put generative AI directly in the hands of managers.

Managers are already using AI to cut financial analysis from hours to minutes, flag promising local suppliers, and anticipate seasonal sales trends to optimize staffing and promotions, the release said. Employees are also being freed from millions of routine tasks, giving them more time for member service.

Beginning next year, Sam’s Club employees will be able to pursue AI training through the OpenAI Certification program to prepare for long-term technology adoption, according to the release.

Walmart announced its participation in the certification program Thursday (Sept. 4), saying it will work with OpenAI to offer access to its U.S.-based frontline and office employees through its private training program, Walmart Academy.

Walmart U.S. CEO John Furner said at the time that the company knows that the future of retail will be defined by not only technology but also people who know how to use it.

“By bringing AI training directly to our associates, we’re putting the most powerful technology of our time in their hands—giving them the skills to rewrite the playbook and shape the future of retail,” Furner said.

OpenAI said its certification program will be designed to help businesses ensure that candidates and employees know how to use AI. It aims to certify 10 million Americans by 2030.

Meanwhile, many retailers are focusing their AI efforts on supply chain and inventory optimization. Macy’s, Target, Amazon and others are investing in predictive systems to keep shelves stocked and control costs.

On the eCommerce side of retail, AI is beginning to assist digital platforms in delivering intuitive, responsive experiences for consumers. Rezolve Ai CEO Daniel Wagner told PYMNTS in May that his company has developed AI tools designed to bring human-like qualities into the digital commerce experience, including deep product expertise, empathy and conversion focus. The goal is to help fix eCommerce’s 70% cart abandonment problem.

For all PYMNTS AI coverage, subscribe to the daily AI Newsletter.



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Coming for Your Job or Improving Your Performance?

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Epic’s Electronic Medical Record and Ancillary Systems Release AI Upgrades

Epic Systems announced a host of artificial intelligence (AI) tools last month at its annual conference. With its more than 300 million patient records (in a country with <400 million people) and more than 3500 different hospital customers, Epic has either released or is currently working on more than 200 different AI tools.1

Their vast data stores are being used to create predictive models and train their own AI tools. The scale of Epic and AI and what it can be used for is both exciting and frightening.

Optimizing Tools to Reduce the Burden of Health Care Administration

Typically, Epic Systems and other technology solution providers’ first entry into AI implementation comes in the form of reducing menial tasks and attempting to automate patient-customer interactions. In my discussions with health care administrators, it is not uncommon for them to attribute 40% to 60% of the cost of health care to administrative tasks or supports. For every physician, there are generally at least 3 full-time equivalencies (workforce members) needed to support that physician’s work, from scheduling to rooming patients to billing and a host of other support efforts.

About the Author

Troy Trygstad, PharmD, PhD, MBA, is the executive director of CPESN USA, a clinically integrated network of more than 3500 participating pharmacies. He received his PharmD and MBA degrees from Drake University and a PhD in pharmaceutical outcomes and policy from the University of North Carolina. He has recently served on the board of directors for the Pharmacy Quality Alliance and the American Pharmacists Association Foundation. He also proudly practiced in community pharmacies across the state of North Carolina for 17 years.

Reducing Cost and Improving Patient-Customer Experience

Reducing administration should reduce costs. Early-entry AI tools are generally aimed at reducing administrative cost, while simultaneously improving the patient experience extramural to the care delivery process (the bump in customer experience is the side benefit, not the motivation). In fact, all of us are more likely to be assigned an AI assistant as a customer than to use one as a health care provider at this juncture. AI is currently deployed over multiple sectors and customer service scenarios, interacting with us indirectly in recent years and now more directly as time passes. Remember that Siri and Alexa continue to grow just like humans, and now there are thousands and thousands of these AI bots. There is a strong possibility that if you answer a spam phone call, the “person” on the other end of the line is an AI tool (being?) and not a human.

Will AI Be an Antidote to Health Care Professional Burnout?

Charting is a drag. Ask any medical provider and one of their least favorite tasks is writing patient encounters for documentation’s sake rather than for the sake of patient care. I’ve personally known hundreds of physicians over my 2 decades of collaborating with them and the majority do most of their charting during off hours (thanks to technology), eating into their work-life balance and wellbeing. A recent study of providers using AI tools for charting found a 40% reduction in documentation burden and better and more complete charting.2 Could AI reduce the burden of menial pharmacy tasks that take away from patient care as well? Very likely yes.

But what if the business model doesn’t change? The biggest lie ever told in pharmacy was that technology was going to free pharmacists to provide patient care without a subsequent workflow and economic model to support it. Therefore, our profession went from filling 150 prescriptions a day to 300 a day to, in some cases, up to 500 per day per pharmacist. The only thing the technology did was increase the throughput of the existing business model. It didn’t support a new model at all.

That is the concern of many physicians as well. Will AI merely increase the number of encounters expected of them or will it actually improve their care delivery and practice satisfaction? That’s a question explored in a recent Harvard Business School article that points to upcoding bias (documentation of higher levels of care to bill more revenue), reduction in administrative cost, and reduced clerical full-time equivalents as the seeming “wins” for health systems administrators thus far, rather than better and more cost-efficient care delivery overall.3 Unsurprisingly to pharmacists, the business model is driving AI use, not the desired practice model.

AI as the New “Peripheral Brain” and Decision Support System

Those of us of a certain age remember a time in pharmacy school when we first entered the practice world under the supervision of a preceptor. At that time, the “peripheral brain” was a notebook that contained the latest prescribing guidelines, infectious disease–drug matches, and other clinical information. Then along came a handheld electronic version of it. Then came Google. Then the implementation of cloud computing. And now AI.

AI is already in place for many physicians and other health care providers, and I fear pharmacy may actually be late to the game in an arms race to make the drug assessment–prescribing–filling process even more efficient. But efficient at what? Administrative tasks? Order entry? Prior authorization documentation?

What About the Effects on Health System and Community Pharmacy Practice?

What if the rest of the world views the practice of pharmacy as consisting entirely of administrative tasks and not assessment and care delivery? If the AI tool is the physician’s peripheral brain, why is there a need for the pharmacist to make recommendations or find drug therapy problems? If the AI tool is instructing the care manager on which medications the care team needs to gather information about and report back to the peripheral brain, why have a pharmacist on the team? There will be many who say, “Oh, AI will absolutely replace the need for pharmacists because they don’t (actually) deliver care. They are a means of medication distribution and a great source of knowledge of medications, but AI will be better at that.”

Too Little Discussion and Planning Not Underway in Pharmacy Circles

The AI takeover is not some distant future reality. The reality is weeks and months away, not years and decades. Nvidia (the chipmaker essential for AI processing) has seen its stock price rise more than 900% in the past 3 years as investors awaken to the speed with which AI is moving. AI is already starting to move from helper to replacement for many jobs and we could see AI agents doing research autonomously within 6 to 18 months and becoming the experts in every field of study known to humans by 2030 (or sooner).

What are we doing in the pharmacy world to prepare, take advantage of, and plant our flag as the medication optimization experts that utilize AI better than anyone else? As far as I can tell at this juncture, we’ve given AI a passing glance and are waiting for AI to come to us, rather than aligning and integrating with AI at the outset.

AI Could Be the Best and Worst Thing for Pharmacy. We Must Learn Lessons From the Past.

There is so much work to do, from regulatory discussions with our state boards of pharmacy to scoping the future of practice alongside technology solution providers to teaching the next generation of pharmacists as well as those already in practice about how to use AI to deliver safer, more effective, and more innovative care.

And above all, practice follows the business model. If provider status was important pre-AI, it has become critical post AI. If we are a profession of clerical work, we will be replaced. If we are a profession of providers, we will harness the immense capabilities of our future AI assistants. No more “This will save you time so you can care for patients” baloney, when there is no economic support model for care delivery sizable enough to employ a quarter of a million pharmacists. We should all be demanding to see evidence of the billable time from our employers, policy makers, and regulators. That is the only sustainable path when the peripheral brain is in the cloud and is the known universe’s best version of it.

REFERENCES
1. What health care provisions of the One Big Beautiful Bill Act mean for states. National Academy for State Health Policy. July 8, 2025. Accessed July 21, 2025. https://nashp.org/what-health-care-provisions-of-the-one-big-beautiful-bill-act-mean-for-states/
2. Graham J. The big, beautiful health care squeeze is here: what that means for your coverage. Investor’s Business Daily. July 18, 2025. Accessed July 21, 2025. https://www.investors.com/news/big-beautiful-bill-trump-budget-health-care-coverage/
3. Constantino AK. Bristol Myers Squibb, Pfizer to sell blockbuster blood thinner Eliquis at 40% discount. CNBC. July 17, 2025. Accessed July 21, 2025. https://www.cnbc.com/2025/07/17/bristol-myers-squibb-pfizer-to-sell-eliquis-at-40percent-discount.html



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