Tools & Platforms
How should universities teach leadership now that teams include humans and autonomous AI agents?

Unlike teaching students how to use artificial intelligence (AI) and other technologies, which often feels like fighting a losing battle to keep up with constant change, teaching leadership used to be far more stable. The popularity and effectiveness of certain leadership styles undergo gradual shifts, but nothing too dramatic. The past 20 years, for example, have seen a transition from more authoritarian styles towards people-focused and motivating leadership, such as transformational leadership.
As an academic, it was comforting to know I just had to tweak my slides every year rather than change whole lectures. There were no alarms and no surprises when teaching leadership.
Generative AI has shattered that calm. Within a short time, GenAI has gone from being a tool in the workplace to being a teammate. The modern leader no longer leads only humans, as they have done for centuries, but also autonomous AI agents. An autonomous AI agent, which uses GenAI and other information systems, can operate independently (as the name suggests) as part of a team, communicating with other team members and “thinking” for itself. For example, the autonomous AI agent can participate in a meeting and receive verbal instructions for complex tasks. As educators, our comfort zone of reciting stories of great leaders from history has ceased to be sufficient. How would Napoleon or Churchill have managed autonomous AI agents? We don’t know.
So, how should university teachers prepare a new generation of modern leaders to approach these mixed teams? Teaching leadership styles that are effective at motivating people is no longer enough. In addition, students must now learn how to build their team’s trust in AI, then they will need to know how to combine leadership styles in a way that gets the most out of both humans and AI.
Build trust with a clear vision of what the role of AI is
First, leaders need to become ambidextrous, as comfortable leading humans as they are leading on which of various technologies are used. Traditionally, some leaders have been focused on day-to-day operational and tactical decisions, while others focused on more strategic decisions. To lead autonomous AI agents, the leader must build trust in them among the team. The team members must have confidence in the autonomous AI, meaning they must believe in its ability. The leader must be clear on its use and build a consensus around this. The team must be put on a sustainable trajectory for change. Failing to identify the right role for AI will keep the team stuck in uncertainty.
Leadership students must learn the different forms of AI, their strengths and weaknesses. They must also learn the typical concerns that various stakeholders have and how to take specific steps to build trust. These topics should be discussed in class first so students appreciate the context in which they will lead. Students can practise analysing a case study and developing a vision for the role of AI and how to build trust.
Choose the right combination of leadership styles
While more time must be spent on understanding emerging technology, the established approaches to leadership still need to be covered in class.
The most popular leadership styles taught at university today are servant, transactional and transformational. All three are effective in motivating a team. The servant style focuses on providing support; transactional focuses on an enticing reward for the work done; and transformational creates a shared vision of the future. These popular leadership styles are still the ones to focus on when leading mixed teams of humans and autonomous agents, but the leader needs to think about how to combine them to get the best result (see Table 1).
Don’t know how AI will be used, clear on goals and journey Transactional and servant |
Don’t know how AI will be used, not clear on goals and journey Servant |
Know how AI will be used, clear on goals and journey Transactional |
Know how AI will be used, not clear on goals and journey Transactional and transformational |
Transactional and transformational leaderships’ combined impact on AI and trust
Given the volatile times we live in, a leader may find themselves in a situation where they know how they will use AI, but they are not entirely clear on the goals and journey. In a teaching context, students can be given scenarios where they must lead a team, including autonomous AI agents, to achieve goals. They can then analyse the situations and decide what leadership styles to apply and how to build trust in their human team members. Educators can illustrate this decision-making process using a table (see above).
They may need to combine transactional leadership with transformational leadership, for example. Transactional leadership focuses on planning, communicating tasks clearly and an exchange of value. This works well with both humans and automated AI agents.
Transformational leadership prioritises creating a shared vision to change something, inspiring and motivating people to go beyond their narrow personal interests. As AI and automation replace some human interaction, class discussion could cover the emotional void and isolation left over and how, in the age of AI, a leader needs deep, emotionally engaged relationships powered by servant or transformational leadership. These strong emotional bonds can complement the well-crafted exchange of value arranged with transactional leadership.
Some clarity on the future of teaching leadership
An effective course on leadership today must convey the importance of leading on technology as well as people, building trust in the technology, and finding the best combination of leadership styles to get the most out of humans and automated AI agents.
Alex Zarifis is a lecturer in information systems at the University of Southampton, UK. His latest book is Leadership with AI and Trust: Adapting Popular Leadership Styles for AI (De Gruyter, 2025).
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Tools & Platforms
AI-Enabled Technology Automates and Optimizes Airport Parking Systems

Vehicle parking accounts for the top source (24%) of non-aeronautical revenue at airports, ahead of retail concessions, real estate investments, and rental car fees, according to the Airports Council International.
At the same time, aging parking access and revenue control equipment like ticket machines and pay stations fail regularly after years of operation. This results in operational cost increases, potential revenue leakage from downtime, and negative impacts on customer satisfaction due to traffic build up at entry and exit. For busy airport executives, these issues are easy to overlook and not prioritize because parking revenue is predictable and significant. However, those who do prioritize parking can quickly find a meaningful area of value creation in terms of revenue and customer experience improvement.
Artificial intelligence (AI) can help airport executives realize this untapped value by transforming airport parking into a hands-off operation that is always on, never breaks down, is more accurate and financially accountable, and provides a better parking experience for airport customers.
AI-enabled parking management systems can improve conditions for operational and landside managers by eliminating the need to:
● Schedule and pay staff to operate payment booths.
● Schedule and pay maintenance and repair staff for traditional fee-collection ticket machines and kiosks.
● Reroute parking traffic when lanes unexpectedly need to close or back up from slow operation.
For airport executives and managers, AI can provide better predictability and control of parking revenue through more accurate vehicle and fee identification. It can also replace electromechanical fee-collection machines and kiosks, which disrupt automatic collections and require significant labor expense when they break down.
In addition, AI has the power to attract more airport parkers by automating every aspect of airport parking — from reserving a spot to paying — consistently and reliably.
How does an AI-enabled parking system work?
An AI-enabled parking system works by creating a digital fingerprint of each vehicle that includes necessary data about the vehicle. Combined hardware and software identify the vehicle instantly via its digital fingerprint as it approaches a parking facility, prompting actions that enable the driver to enter, exit, and pay without stopping. Vehicle identification, fee calculation, and the payment transaction all happen in the background, without intervention from drivers or airport staff.
Dayton International Airport, San Antonio International Airport, Northwest Arkansas National Airport, and Aspen/Pitkin County Airport all recently adopted the Metropolis for Airports AI-enabled modern parking system.
It’s an upgrade that is paying off at Dayton International Airport (DAY): Growing popularity and consistently reliable collections have lifted in-plane revenue per passenger from $10 to $13.14.
“It makes [parking] seamless for our customers,” Gil Turner, Director of DAY, says of Metropolis. “They just drive up. They don’t have to roll the window down. They pull up, the system recognizes the vehicle, takes the license plate information, and they’re able to go right in and park. And when they leave, there’s no interaction with the booth person. So it’s all great. I know that flying can be a frustrating process, so when you have a system, you come home, you can just leave and don’t have to have any stress or worries. I mean, it just helps the customer.”
The Metropolis system runs in the cloud and uses computer vision, license plate recognition (LPR), camera-based hardware, machine learning, and AI to automate parking events, as well as parking data collection. The system requires no upfront capital investment from airports and integrates with existing gate equipment.
A driver registers once and is ready to go. Here’s how it works:
● When a car enters the lot, the computer vision-enhanced camera captures the license plate. Intelligent software then recognizes the car as a Metropolis user and prompts the entry gate.
● When the car leaves, the system again recognizes the license plate, calculates the fee, charges the driver’s selected payment method, and prompts the exit gate to open.
● The system automatically sends a receipt to the driver via email or text.
● Data on the parking event is stored and made available.
In addition to automation benefits, AI-enabled parking systems provide real-time data that is highly valuable for more informed staffing, lane management, and lot maintenance planning. This data can also help airport managers and directors respond to customer input and demand in real time, such as instituting dynamic pricing.
And as an intelligent system, an AI-enabled parking management solution becomes faster and more accurate with each data input as it continues to learn, which provides a consistently superior and more predictable experience for parking users. Combined with reservations and dynamic pricing, AI can increase parking revenue because when parking is easier and priced competitively, drivers are more likely to choose an airport lot or garage over an alternative, such as an off-airport facility or ride-hailing service.
Elevate airport parking with AI
Metropolis operates a network with over 4,500 parking locations in more than 50 countries and 350 cities, including over 80 airports. More than 18 million people are Metropolis members.
Relates DAY’s Manager of Business Development, “Metropolis was part of a competitive bid process, and one of the things that stood out between them and the others who were in the process was the technology but also how they implemented it and their focus on the positive impacts to the customer. Positive customer service leads to additional revenue, happier passengers, and everything that we’re looking for here at Dayton.”
He adds, “On the very first day Metropolis rolled out, I said I’m going to go test this technology. I tested each of the parking lots. Each one of them worked perfectly, and so the fact is that our passengers can now get that same experience without having to roll down their window and wait in line. They just access our parking. Our slogan is easy to and through, and [the Metropolis solution] is really the definition of that slogan.”
When an airport joins the Metropolis network, the company installs its computer vision cameras and maintains them at no cost. Metropolis also helps with systems integration with existing gates. Then, the payment model shifts to a set-up fee and subscription, as is common for cloud-hosted software services. And like other software-based, consumer-facing brands, Metropolis is constantly improving its product with updates that are automatically deployed across the network.
The bottom line is that airport parking facilities that use Metropolis are faster, easier, more convenient, and less congested than those using traditional systems.
Are you ready to elevate your airport’s parking? Talk to Metropolis today.
Tools & Platforms
Most Employees Don’t Know How To Adopt AI—Survey

The majority of employees say they don’t know how to adopt artificial intelligence, according to a new survey by The Harris Poll on behalf of MasterClass.
In the report, 49 percent of respondents said they feel direct pressure to adopt AI, yet 55 percent said they don’t know where to start.
Why It Matters
Artificial intelligence has changed the larger workforce and business landscape in America, with most companies looking to employ it as a way to boost productivity.
But unclear rules and policies around the technology have led to some confusion among workers. A previous study from Howdy.com found that 16 percent of professionals sometimes pretend to use AI.
Cheng Xin/Getty Images
What To Know
In the MasterClass survey of nearly 1,700 U.S. workers, 66 percent said they had to teach themselves AI on the job.
That’s in addition to 54 percent who say their employers aren’t providing adequate AI training.
The percentage was roughly the same among men and women, at 57 and 50 percent, respectively. Meanwhile, 57 percent of Gen Z, 53 percent of millennials and 53 percent of Gen X professionals said they were going without proper AI workplace training.
“In many ways, the rise of AI in recent years is similar to the same integration environment involving social media nearly 20 years ago,” Alex Beene, a financial literacy instructor for the University of Tennessee at Martin, told Newsweek. “Whereas some employers with more tech-savvy employees were able to easily adapt to utilizing a new medium for communication and marketing, others took years to grasp how to use it effectively.”
Reza Hashemi, the CEO and founder of Binj and ZEROin AI, said there’s a perception that AI adoption is synonymous with career security, but many organizations often overestimate how seamlessly the new technology fits into daily workflows.
“Long term, if businesses don’t bridge the gap between hype and practical application, they risk creating a culture of fear and superficial adoption instead of true innovation,” Hashemi previously told Newsweek.
What People Are Saying
HR consultant Bryan Driscoll told Newsweek: “Most employees aren’t struggling with AI itself – they’re struggling with employers who won’t equip them. Workers are told to figure it out without training, support, or guardrails, while leadership races to show they’re innovative. Forcing workers to self-teach under pressure is a short-sighted gamble that reveals a hollow commitment to development.”
Beene told Newsweek: “With AI, we’re seeing businesses accustomed to a decades-long workflow now struggling to see what AI would truly change and benefit in their operations. Much like with social media, these employers will eventually find which methods best suit them, but don’t expect it to be rapid for all.”
What Happens Next
In the next few years, companies that don’t properly address AI could reduce the trust of their employees, Driscoll said.
“Long term, this isn’t just poor management. It’s a recipe for widening inequality and eroding trust in the workplace,” Driscoll said.
Tools & Platforms
AI-enhanced teaching techniques earns Shenango professor a Faculty Engagement Award

SHARON, Pa. — Tammy Divens, teaching professor and program coordinator of Penn State Shenango’s occupational therapy assistant program, recently received a 2025 Faculty Engagement Award from Penn State Teaching and Learning with Technology (TLT).
The mission of TLT is to explore new and emerging technologies and find collaborative ways to innovate and transform teaching pedagogy and learning strategies for faculty and students at Penn State. The theme of the 2025 Faculty Engagement Awards is “Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Teaching including Microsoft Copilot 365.” According to a release, faculty award recipients will collaborate with TLT to experiment with AI-driven tools to support course planning, content design and instructional delivery.
“I’ve been able to explore innovative educational technologies, collaborate with TLT, and engage with colleagues about using AI tools to enhance teaching and creativity,” said Divens, whose primary focus has been integrating generative AI into the classes that she teaches.
“I’ve used ChatGPT and Microsoft Copilot to support course planning, improve presentations, develop new assignments, and align course content with accreditation requirements,” Divens said. “These tools have streamlined my preparation and allowed me to design more engaging and effective learning materials.”
According to Inside Higher Ed’s 2025-26 Student Voice survey, 85% of students who participated claim to have used generative AI for coursework in the last year. As part of the same survey, 43% of students felt somewhat positive or very positive about faculty use of generative AI, as long as it was done thoughtfully and made the instruction more relevant and efficient.
Divens plans to do just that.
“I have leveraged AI image generation through Adobe Express and ChatGPT to create course introduction videos and produce humorous or creative content to increase student engagement,” Divens said. “These efforts have enriched both the instructional design and the overall classroom experience.”
Faculty Engagement Award recipients work with an instructional designer and technology support staff from TLT to help identify the most effective in-class uses of a particular technology. Additionally, a TLT researcher may assess the impact of this technology and share relevant findings of the program with the greater Penn State community.
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