Jobs & Careers
Former ISRO Chairman Joins Skyroot Aerospace as Chief Technical Advisor
Skyroot Aerospace has appointed Sreedhara Panicker Somanath, former chairman of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), as its chief technical advisor. The appointment comes as the Hyderabad-based space startup prepares for the flight of Vikram-1, its maiden orbital-class launch vehicle.
Somanath, known for leading the Chandrayaan-3 lunar mission, will provide technical guidance in a non-exclusive, honorary capacity. His advisory role aims to support Skyroot’s upcoming orbital launch and contribute to India’s growing private space sector.
Regardless, the startup expressed that the advisory position is non-exclusive, allowing Somanath to continue his other professional commitments.
“Dr Somanath’s guidance will boost our technical firepower,” Skyroot said in its post on X, as it finalises Vikram-1, a 23-metre rocket built with carbon composites and a liquid-engine powered Orbital Adjustment Module. This rocket can also precisely manoeuvre in the vacuum for the last-mile delivery of satellites.
Skyroot previously made history in 2022 with Vikram-S, India’s first private rocket to reach space, from Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh. Vikram-1 builds on that foundation and is designed for last-mile satellite delivery in orbit.
This month, Skyroot also announced signing an MoU with Axiom Space, the company that just carried ISRO astronaut Shubhanshu Shukla to the International Space Station (ISS). This aimed to explore opportunities for collaboration that advance space exploration and enhance access to low Earth orbit (LEO).
Somanath led ISRO between January 2022 and January 2025, a period that saw the launch of primary missions, including Chandrayaan-3, Aditya-L1 (India’s first solar mission), and the successful trials of the Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV-LEX). He also played a key role in developing India’s most powerful rocket, the Launch Vehicle Mark-3 (LVM3).
Skyroot, founded in 2018, has over 400 employees and, in 2023, raised $27.5 million in preparation for its launch into the global satellite market. Its funding then stood at $95 million, which helped it break out with multiple launches.
Jobs & Careers
Fi.Money Launches Protocol to Connect Personal Finance Data with AI Assistants
Fi.Money, a money management platform based in India, has launched what it says is the first consumer-facing implementation of a model context protocol (MCP) for personal finance.
Fi MCP is designed to bring together users’ complete financial lives, including bank accounts, mutual funds, loans, insurance, EPF, real estate, gold, and more seamlessly into AI assistants of their choice, the company said in a statement.
Users can choose to share this consolidated data with any AI tool, enabling private, intelligent conversations about their money, fully on their terms, it added.
Until now, users have had to stitch together insights from various finance apps, statements, and spreadsheets. When turning to AI tools like ChatGPT or Gemini for advice, they’ve relied on manual inputs, guesswork, or generic prompts.
There was no structured, secure, consent-driven way to help AI understand your actual financial data without sharing screenshots or uploading statements and reports.
The company said that with Fi’s new MCP feature, users can see their entire financial life in a single, unified view.
This data can be privately exported in an AI-readable format or configured for near-real-time syncing with AI assistants.
Once connected, users can ask personal, data-specific questions such as, “Can I afford a six-month career break?” or “What are the mistakes in my portfolio?” and receive context-aware responses based on their actual financial information.
As per the statement, the launch comes at a time when Indian consumers are increasingly seeking digital-first, integrated financial tools. Building on India’s pioneering digital infrastructure, Fi’s MCP represents the next layer of consumer-facing innovation, one that empowers consumers to activate their own data.
Fi Money is the first in the world to let individuals use AI meaningfully with their own money, the company claimed. While most AIs lack context about one’s finances, Fi’s MCP changes that by giving users an AI that actually understands their money.
The Fi MCP is available to all Fi Money users. Any user can download the Fi Money app, consolidate their finances in a few minutes, and start using their data with their preferred AI assistant.
“This is the first time any personal finance app globally has enabled users to securely connect their actual financial data with tools like ChatGPT, Gemini, or Claude,” Sujith Narayanan, co-founder of Fi.Money, said in the statement.
“With MCP, we’re giving users not just a dashboard, but a secure bridge between their financial data and the AI tools they trust. It’s about helping people ask better questions and get smarter answers about their money,” he added.
Jobs & Careers
BRICS Leaders Call For Data Protection Against Unauthorised AI Use
Leaders from the BRICS coalition of developing countries are set to advocate for safeguards against unauthorised AI usage to prevent excessive data gathering and to establish systems for fair compensation, as outlined in a draft statement seen by Reuters.
Leading tech companies, predominantly located in wealthier nations, have pushed back against demands to pay copyright fees for content used in training AI systems.
On July 6, the heads of the 11 largest emerging economies ratified the Joint Declaration of the 17th BRICS Summit in Rio de Janeiro.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi stated that India views AI as a tool to augment human values and abilities, emphasising that both concerns and the promotion of innovation in AI governance should be prioritised equally. He stressed the importance of collective efforts in developing Responsible AI.
He argued that in the 21st century, humanity’s prosperity and progress are increasingly reliant on technology, particularly artificial intelligence. While AI offers significant potential to transform daily life, it also raises important concerns related to risks, ethics, and bias. “We see AI as a medium to enhance human values and capabilities,” the Prime Minister said.
Modi also invited the BRICS partners to the “AI Impact Summit” that India will host next year.
For the first time, AI governance is a key focus in the BRICS agenda, highlighting a Global South perspective on this technology.
In their joint declaration, the countries recognise that AI offers a unique opportunity for progress. Still, effective global governance is crucial for addressing risks and meeting the needs of all countries, particularly in the Global South.
“A collective global effort is needed to establish AI governance that upholds our shared values, addresses risks, builds trust, and ensures broad and inclusive international collaboration and access,” the countries said in a joint statement.
Jobs & Careers
Large Language Models: A Self-Study Roadmap
Large language models are a big step forward in artificial intelligence. They can predict and generate text that sounds like it was written by a human. LLMs learn the rules of language, like grammar and meaning, which allows them to perform many tasks. They can answer questions, summarize long texts, and even create stories. The growing need for automatically generated and organized content is driving the expansion of the large language model market. According to one report, Large Language Model (LLM) Market Size & Forecast:
“The global LLM Market is currently witnessing robust growth, with estimates indicating a substantial increase in market size. Projections suggest a notable expansion in market value, from USD 6.4 billion in 2024 to USD 36.1 billion by 2030, reflecting a substantial CAGR of 33.2% over the forecast period”
This means 2025 might be the best year to start learning LLMs. Learning advanced concepts of LLMs includes a structured, stepwise approach that includes concepts, models, training, and optimization as well as deployment and advanced retrieval methods. This roadmap presents a step-by-step method to gain expertise in LLMs. So, let’s get started.
Step 1: Cover the Fundamentals
You can skip this step if you already know the basics of programming, machine learning, and natural language processing. However, if you are new to these concepts consider learning them from the following resources:
- Programming: You need to learn the basics of programming in Python, the most popular programming language for machine learning. These resources can help you learn Python:
- Machine Learning: After you learn programming, you have to cover the basic concepts of machine learning before moving on with LLMs. The key here is to focus on concepts like supervised vs. unsupervised learning, regression, classification, clustering, and model evaluation. The best course I found to learn the basics of ML is:
- Natural Language Processing: It is very important to learn the fundamental topics of NLP if you want to learn LLMs. Focus on the key concepts: tokenization, word embeddings, attention mechanisms, etc. I have given a few resources that might help you learn NLP:
Step 2: Understand Core Architectures Behind Large Language Models
Large language models rely on various architectures, with transformers being the most prominent foundation. Understanding these different architectural approaches is essential for working effectively with modern LLMs. Here are the key topics and resources to enhance your understanding:
- Understand transformer architecture and emphasize on understanding self-attention, multi-head attention, and positional encoding.
- Start with Attention Is All You Need, then explore different architectural variants: decoder-only models (GPT series), encoder-only models (BERT), and encoder-decoder models (T5, BART).
- Use libraries like Hugging Face’s Transformers to access and implement various model architectures.
- Practice fine-tuning different architectures for specific tasks like classification, generation, and summarization.
Recommended Learning Resources
Step 3: Specializing in Large Language Models
With the basics in place, it’s time to focus specifically on LLMs. These courses are designed to deepen your understanding of their architecture, ethical implications, and real-world applications:
- LLM University – Cohere (Recommended): Offers both a sequential track for newcomers and a non-sequential, application-driven path for seasoned professionals. It provides a structured exploration of both the theoretical and practical aspects of LLMs.
- Stanford CS324: Large Language Models (Recommended): A comprehensive course exploring the theory, ethics, and hands-on practice of LLMs. You will learn how to build and evaluate LLMs.
- Maxime Labonne Guide (Recommended): This guide provides a clear roadmap for two career paths: LLM Scientist and LLM Engineer. The LLM Scientist path is for those who want to build advanced language models using the latest techniques. The LLM Engineer path focuses on creating and deploying applications that use LLMs. It also includes The LLM Engineer’s Handbook, which takes you step by step from designing to launching LLM-based applications.
- Princeton COS597G: Understanding Large Language Models: A graduate-level course that covers models like BERT, GPT, T5, and more. It is Ideal for those aiming to engage in deep technical research, this course explores both the capabilities and limitations of LLMs.
- Fine Tuning LLM Models – Generative AI Course When working with LLMs, you will often need to fine-tune LLMs, so consider learning efficient fine-tuning techniques such as LoRA and QLoRA, as well as model quantization techniques. These approaches can help reduce model size and computational requirements while maintaining performance. This course will teach you fine-tuning using QLoRA and LoRA, as well as Quantization using LLama2, Gradient, and the Google Gemma model.
- Finetune LLMs to teach them ANYTHING with Huggingface and Pytorch | Step-by-step tutorial: It provides a comprehensive guide on fine-tuning LLMs using Hugging Face and PyTorch. It covers the entire process, from data preparation to model training and evaluation, enabling viewers to adapt LLMs for specific tasks or domains.
Step 4: Build, Deploy & Operationalize LLM Applications
Learning a concept theoretically is one thing; applying it practically is another. The former strengthens your understanding of fundamental ideas, while the latter enables you to translate those concepts into real-world solutions. This section focuses on integrating large language models into projects using popular frameworks, APIs, and best practices for deploying and managing LLMs in production and local environments. By mastering these tools, you’ll efficiently build applications, scale deployments, and implement LLMOps strategies for monitoring, optimization, and maintenance.
- Application Development: Learn how to integrate LLMs into user-facing applications or services.
- LangChain: LangChain is the fast and efficient framework for LLM projects. Learn how to build applications using LangChain.
- API Integrations: Explore how to connect various APIs, like OpenAI’s, to add advanced features to your projects.
- Local LLM Deployment: Learn to set up and run LLMs on your local machine.
- LLMOps Practices: Learn the methodologies for deploying, monitoring, and maintaining LLMs in production environments.
Recommended Learning Resources & Projects
Building LLM applications:
Local LLM Deployment:
Deploying & Managing LLM applications In Production Environments:
GitHub Repositories:
- Awesome-LLM: It is a curated collection of papers, frameworks, tools, courses, tutorials, and resources focused on large language models (LLMs), with a special emphasis on ChatGPT.
- Awesome-langchain: This repository is the hub to track initiatives and projects related to LangChain’s ecosystem.
Step 5: RAG & Vector Databases
Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a hybrid approach that combines information retrieval with text generation. Instead of relying only on pre-trained knowledge, RAG retrieves relevant documents from external sources before generating responses. This improves accuracy, reduces hallucinations, and makes models more useful for knowledge-intensive tasks.
- Understand RAG & its Architectures: Standard RAG, Hierarchical RAG, Hybrid RAG etc.
- Vector Databases: Understand how to implement vector databases with RAG. Vector databases store and retrieve information based on semantic meaning rather than exact keyword matches. This makes them ideal for RAG-based applications as these allow for fast and efficient retrieval of relevant documents.
- Retrieval Strategies: Implement dense retrieval, sparse retrieval, and hybrid search for better document matching.
- LlamaIndex & LangChain: Learn how these frameworks facilitate RAG.
- Scaling RAG for Enterprise Applications: Understand distributed retrieval, caching, and latency optimizations for handling large-scale document retrieval.
Recommended Learning Resources & Projects
Basic Foundational courses:
Advanced RAG Architectures & Implementations:
Enterprise-Grade RAG & Scaling:
Step 6: Optimize LLM Inference
Optimizing inference is crucial for making LLM-powered applications efficient, cost-effective, and scalable. This step focuses on techniques to reduce latency, improve response times, and minimize computational overhead.
Key Topics
- Model Quantization: Reduce model size and improve speed using techniques like 8-bit and 4-bit quantization (e.g., GPTQ, AWQ).
- Efficient Serving: Deploy models efficiently with frameworks like vLLM, TGI (Text Generation Inference), and DeepSpeed.
- LoRA & QLoRA: Use parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods to enhance model performance without high resource costs.
- Batching & Caching: Optimize API calls and memory usage with batch processing and caching strategies.
- On-Device Inference: Run LLMs on edge devices using tools like GGUF (for llama.cpp) and optimized runtimes like ONNX and TensorRT.
Recommended Learning Resources
- Efficiently Serving LLMs – Coursera – A guided project on optimizing and deploying large language models efficiently for real-world applications.
- Mastering LLM Inference Optimization: From Theory to Cost-Effective Deployment – YouTube – A tutorial discussing the challenges and solutions in LLM inference. It focuses on scalability, performance, and cost management. (Recommended)
- MIT 6.5940 Fall 2024 TinyML and Efficient Deep Learning Computing – It covers model compression, quantization, and optimization techniques to deploy deep learning models efficiently on resource-constrained devices. (Recommended)
- Inference Optimization Tutorial (KDD) – Making Models Run Faster – YouTube – A tutorial from the Amazon AWS team on methods to accelerate LLM runtime performance.
- Large Language Model inference with ONNX Runtime (Kunal Vaishnavi) – A guide on optimizing LLM inference using ONNX Runtime for faster and more efficient execution.
- Run Llama 2 Locally On CPU without GPU GGUF Quantized Models Colab Notebook Demo – A step-by-step tutorial on running LLaMA 2 models locally on a CPU using GGUF quantization.
- Tutorial on LLM Quantization w/ QLoRA, GPTQ and Llamacpp, LLama 2 – Covers various quantization techniques like QLoRA and GPTQ.
- Inference, Serving, PagedAtttention and vLLM – Explains inference optimization techniques, including PagedAttention and vLLM, to speed up LLM serving.
Wrapping Up
This guide covers a comprehensive roadmap to learning and mastering LLMs in 2025. I know it might seem overwhelming at first, but trust me — if you follow this step-by-step approach, you’ll cover everything in no time. If you have any questions or need more help, do comment.
Kanwal Mehreen Kanwal is a machine learning engineer and a technical writer with a profound passion for data science and the intersection of AI with medicine. She co-authored the ebook “Maximizing Productivity with ChatGPT”. As a Google Generation Scholar 2022 for APAC, she champions diversity and academic excellence. She’s also recognized as a Teradata Diversity in Tech Scholar, Mitacs Globalink Research Scholar, and Harvard WeCode Scholar. Kanwal is an ardent advocate for change, having founded FEMCodes to empower women in STEM fields.
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