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Analyzing Grant Data to Reveal Science Frontiers with AI

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President Trump challenged the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), Michael Kratsios, to “ensure that scientific progress and technological innovation fuel economic growth and better the lives of all Americans”. Much of this progress and innovation arises from federal research grants. Federal research grant applications include detailed plans for cutting-edge scientific research. They describe the hypothesis, data collection, experiments, and methods that will ultimately produce discoveries, inventions, knowledge, data, patents, and advances. They collectively represent a blueprint for future innovations.

AI now makes it possible to use these resources to create extraordinary tools for refining how we award research dollars. Further, AI can provide unprecedented insight into future discoveries and needs, shaping both public and private investment into new research and speeding the application of federal research results. 

We recommend that the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) oversee a multiagency development effort to fully subject grant applications to AI analysis to predict the future of science, enhance peer review, and encourage better research investment decisions by both the public and the private sector. The federal agencies involved should include all the member agencies of the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)

Challenge and Opportunity

The federal government funds approximately 100,000 research awards each year across all areas of science. The sheer human effort required to analyze this volume of records remains a barrier, and thus, agencies have not mined applications for deep future insight. If agencies spent just 10 minutes of employee time on each funded award, it would take 16,667 hours in total—or more than eight years of full-time work—to simply review the projects funded in one year. For each funded award, there are usually 4–12 additional applications that were reviewed and rejected. Analyzing all these applications for trends is untenable. Fortunately, emerging AI can analyze these documents at scale. Furthermore, AI systems can work with confidential data and provide summaries that conform to standards that protect confidentiality and trade secrets. In the course of developing these public-facing data summaries, the same AI tools could be used to support a research funder’s review process.

There is a long precedent for this approach. In 2009, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) debuted its Research, Condition, and Disease Categorization (RCDC) system, a program that automatically and reproducibly assigns NIH-funded projects to their appropriate spending categories. The automated RCDC system replaced a manual data call, which resulted in savings of approximately $30 million per year in staff time, and has been evolving ever since. To create the RCDC system, the NIH pioneered digital fingerprints of every scientific grant application using sophisticated text-mining software that assembled a list of terms and their frequencies found in the title, abstract, and specific aims of an application. Applications for which the fingerprints match the list of scientific terms used to describe a category are included in that category; once an application is funded, it is assigned to categorical spending reports.

NIH staff soon found it easy to construct new digital fingerprints for other things, such as research products or even scientists, by scanning the title and abstract of a public document (such as a research paper) or by all terms found in the existing grant application fingerprints associated with a person.

NIH review staff can now match the digital fingerprints of peer reviewers to the fingerprints of the applications to be reviewed and ensure there is sufficient reviewer expertise. For NIH applicants, the RePORTER webpage provides the Matchmaker tool to create digital fingerprints of title, abstract, and specific aims sections, and match them to funded grant applications and the study sections in which they were reviewed. We advocate that all agencies work together to take the next logical step and use all the data at their disposal for deeper and broader analyses.

We offer five recommendations for specific use cases below:

Use Case 1: Funder support. Federal staff could use AI analytics to identify areas of opportunity and support administrative pushes for funding.

When making a funding decision, agencies need to consider not only the absolute merit of an application but also how it complements the existing funded awards and agency goals. There are some common challenges in managing portfolios. One is that an underlying scientific question can be common to multiple problems that are addressed in different portfolios. For example, one protein may have a role in multiple organ systems. Staff are rarely aware of all the studies and methods related to that protein if their research portfolio is restricted to a single organ system or disease. Another challenge is to ensure proper distribution of investments across a research pipeline, so that science progresses efficiently. Tools that can rapidly and consistently contextualize applications across a variety of measures, including topic, methodology, agency priorities, etc., can identify underserved areas and support agencies in making final funding decisions. They can also help funders deliberately replicate some studies while reducing the risk of unintentional duplication.

Use Case 2: Reviewer support. Application reviewers could use AI analytics to understand how an application is similar to or different from currently funded federal research projects, providing reviewers with contextualization for the applications they are rating.

Reviewers are selected in part for their knowledge of the field, but when they compare applications with existing projects, they do so based on their subjective memory. AI tools can provide more objective, accurate, and consistent contextualization to ensure that the most promising ideas receive funding.

Use Case 3: Grant applicant support: Research funding applicants could be offered contextualization of their ideas among funded projects and failed applications in ways that protect the confidentiality of federal data.

NIH has already made admirable progress in this direction with their Matchmaker tool—one can enter many lines of text describing a proposal (such as an abstract), and the tool will provide lists of similar funded projects, with links to their abstracts. New AI tools can build on this model in two important ways. First, they can help provide summary text and visualization to guide the user to the most useful information. Second, they can broaden the contextual data being viewed. Currently, the results are only based on funded applications, making it impossible to tell if an idea is excluded from a funded portfolio because it is novel or because the agency consistently rejects it. Private sector attempts to analyze award information (e.g., Dimensions) are similarly limited by their inability to access full applications, including those that are not funded. AI tools could provide high-level summaries of failed or ‘in process’ grant applications that protect confidentiality but provide context about the likelihood of funding for an applicant’s project.

Use Case 4: Trend mapping. AI analyses could help everyone—scientists, biotech, pharma, investors— understand emerging funding trends in their innovation space in ways that protect the confidentiality of federal data.

The federal science agencies have made remarkable progress in making their funding decisions transparent, even to the point of offering lay summaries of funded awards. However, the sheer volume of individual awards makes summarizing these funding decisions a daunting task that will always be out of date by the time it is completed. Thoughtful application of AI could make practical, easy-to-digest summaries of U.S. federal grants in close to real time, and could help to identify areas of overlap, redundancy, and opportunity. By including projects that were unfunded, the public would get a sense of the direction in which federal funders are moving and where the government might be underinvested. This could herald a new era of transparency and effectiveness in science investment.

Use Case 5: Results prediction tools. Analytical AI tools could help everyone—scientists, biotech, pharma, investors—predict the topics and timing of future research results and neglected areas of science in ways that protect the confidentiality of federal data.

It is standard practice in pharmaceutical development to predict the timing of clinical trial results based on public information. This approach can work in other research areas, but it is labor-intensive. AI analytics could be applied at scale to specific scientific areas, such as predictions about the timing of results for materials being tested for solar cells or of new technologies in disease diagnosis. AI approaches are especially well suited to technologies that cross disciplines, such as applications of one health technology to multiple organ systems, or one material applied to multiple engineering applications. These models would be even richer if the negative cases—the unfunded research applications—were included in analyses in ways that protect the confidentiality of the failed application. Failed applications may signal where the science is struggling and where definitive results are less likely to appear, or where there are underinvested opportunities.

Plan of Action

Leadership

We recommend that OSTP oversee a multiagency development effort to achieve the overarching goal of fully subjecting grant applications to AI analysis to predict the future of science, enhance peer review, and encourage better research investment decisions by both the public and the private sector. The federal agencies involved should include all the member agencies of the NSTC. A broad array of stakeholders should be engaged because much of the AI expertise exists in the private sector, the data are owned and protected by the government, and the beneficiaries of the tools would be both public and private. We anticipate four stages to this effort.

Recommendation 1. Agency Development

Pilot: Each agency should develop pilots of one or more use cases to test and optimize training sets and output tools for each user group. We recommend this initial approach because each funding agency has different baseline capabilities to make application data available to AI tools and may also have different scientific considerations. Despite these differences, all federal science funding agencies have large archives of applications in digital formats, along with records of the publications and research data attributed to those awards.

These use cases are relatively new applications for AI and should be empirically tested before broad implementation. Trend mapping and predictive models can be built with a subset of historical data and validated with the remaining data. Decision support tools for funders, applicants, and reviewers need to be tested not only for their accuracy but also for their impact on users. Therefore, these decision support tools should be considered as a part of larger empirical efforts to improve the peer review process.

Solidify source data: Agencies may need to enhance their data systems to support the new functions for full implementation. OSTP would need to coordinate the development of data standards to ensure all agencies can combine data sets for related fields of research. Agencies may need to make changes to the structure and processing of applications, such as ensuring that sections to be used by the AI are machine-readable.

Recommendation 2. Prizes and Public–Private Partnerships

OSTP should coordinate the convening of private sector organizations to develop a clear vision for the profound implications of opening funded and failed research award applications to AI, including predicting the topics and timing of future research outputs. How will this technology support innovation and more effective investments?

Research agencies should collaborate with private sector partners to sponsor prizes for developing the most useful and accurate tools and user interfaces for each use case refined through agency development work. Prize submissions could use test data drawn from existing full-text applications and the research outputs arising from those applications. Top candidates would be subject to standard selection criteria.

Conclusion

Research applications are an untapped and tremendously valuable resource. They describe work plans and are clearly linked to specific research products, many of which, like research articles, are already rigorously indexed and machine-readable. These applications are data that can be used for optimizing research funding decisions and for developing insight into future innovations. With these data and emerging AI technologies, we will be able to understand the trajectory of our science with unprecedented breadth and insight, perhaps to even the same level of accuracy that human experts can foresee changes within a narrow area of study. However, maximizing the benefit of this information is not inevitable because the source data is currently closed to AI innovation. It will take vision and resources to build effectively from these closed systems—our federal science agencies have both, and with some leadership, they can realize the full potential of these applications.

This memo produced as part of the Federation of American Scientists and Good Science Project sprint. Find more ideas at Good Science Project x FAS



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Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Healthcare Market worth

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The prominent players operating in the Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare market include Koninklijke Philips N.V. (Netherlands), Microsoft Corporation (US), Siemens Healthineers AG (Germany), NVIDIA Corporation (US), Epic Systems Corporation (US)

Browse 902 market data Tables and 67 Figures spread through 711 Pages and in-depth TOC on “Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Healthcare Market by Offering (Integrated), Function (Diagnosis, Genomic, Precision Medicine, Radiation, Immunotherapy, Pharmacy, Supply Chain), Application (Clinical), End User (Hospitals), Region – Global Forecast to 2030
The global Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Healthcare Market [https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/artificial-intelligence-healthcare-market-54679303.html?utm_source=abnewswire.com&utm_medium=paidpr&utm_campaign=artificialintelligenceinhealthcaremarket], valued at US$14.92 billion in 2024, is forecasted to grow at a robust CAGR of 38.6%, reaching US$21.66 billion in 2025 and an impressive US$110.61billion by 2030. The growing incidence of chronic diseases, linked with an increasing geriatric population, puts substantial financial pressure on healthcare providers. There is a rising need for the early detection of conditions such as dementia and cardiovascular disorders. This can be done by analysing imaging data to recognize patterns, which helps create personalized treatment plans.

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Browse in-depth TOC on “Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Healthcare Market”

882 – Tables

61 – Figures

738 – Pages

By tools, the Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare market for machine learning has been bifurcated into deep learning, supervised learning, reinforcement learning, unsupervised learning, and other machine learning technologies. The deep learning segment accounted for the largest share of the Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare market in 2024. The capability to process vast amounts of unstructured medical data, such as electronic health records (HER), imaging, and genomics, allows accurate disease diagnosis and prediction. The integration of deep learning into healthcare is significantly boosting the AI in healthcare market, leading to substantial investments in diagnostic tools and predictive analytics. As computational power and data availability continue to increase, deep learning is set to unlock further advancements, solidifying its position as a key enabler of next-generation healthcare technologies.

By end user, the AI in healthcare market is segmented into healthcare providers, healthcare payers, patients, and other end users. In 2024, healthcare providers accounted for the largest share of the AI in healthcare market. The large share of this end-user segment can be attributed to the increasing budgets of hospitals to improve the quality of care provided and reduce the cost of care.

By geography, the Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare market is segmented into five main regions: North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and the Middle East & Africa. The Asia Pacific region is projected to see a substantial growth rate during the forecast period. The Asia Pacific (APAC) region is experiencing substantial growth in adopting AI technologies within the healthcare sector, driven by a combination of demographic shifts, technological advancements, and increased investments in innovation. The rising elderly population in the region is a key factor, with the proportion of individuals aged 65 years and above increasing significantly. The demand for advanced healthcare solutions has surged as the aging population faces chronic and age-related conditions, necessitating efficient diagnostic, monitoring, and treatment tools. AI technologies are being integrated into various healthcare applications, including predictive analytics, telemedicine, medical imaging, and patient management systems. These innovations aim to address gaps in healthcare access, improve diagnostic accuracy, and streamline operations across the region.

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The prominent players operating in the Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare market include Koninklijke Philips N.V. (Netherlands), Microsoft Corporation (US), Siemens Healthineers AG (Germany), NVIDIA Corporation (US), Epic Systems Corporation (US), GE Healthcare (US), Medtronic (US), Oracle (US), Veradigm LLC (US), Merative (IBM) (US), Google (US), Cognizant (US), Johnson & Johnson (US), Amazon Web Services, Inc. (US), among others. These companies adopted strategies such as product launches, product updates, expansions, partnerships, collaborations, mergers, and acquisitions to strengthen their market presence in the Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare market.

Koninklijke Philips N.V. (Netherlands)

Koninklijke Philips N.V. is a leading player in the AI in the healthcare market. The company utilizes AI to deliver innovative tools across various areas, including diagnostic imaging, patient monitoring, and precision medicine. Its advanced AI-driven platforms, such as the Philips HealthSuite, facilitate the integration and analysis of extensive clinical data, which supports personalized treatment plans and improves patient outcomes. Philips focuses on organic and inorganic growth strategies to expand its market presence.

Strategic partnerships in high-potential markets and collaborations have been the key growth strategies of the company over the years. For example, in February 2025, Philips partnered with Medtronic to educate and train cardiologists and radiologists in India on advanced imaging techniques for structural heart diseases. This partnership aims to upskill 300+ clinicians in multi-modality imaging such as echocardiography (echo) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), especially for End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patients. In November 2023, Philips and NYU Langone Health partnered to focus on patient safety and outcomes. This partnership integrated innovative health technologies, including digital pathology, clinical informatics, and AI-enabled diagnostics, enabling real-time collaboration among clinicians. The company also focuses on winning contracts across several companies in the healthcare space. This helps the company expand its footprint. For instance, in September 2022, Philips and Mandaya Royal Hospital Puri (MRHP) in Jakarta underwent a digital transformation in a strategic partnership, enhancing patient-centered care and healthcare services.

Microsoft Corporation (US):

Microsoft Corporation is one of the leading providers of software & tools that include advanced AI capabilities in healthcare to improve patient outcomes, streamline operations, and drive innovation. Its Azure-based AI solutions support distinct applications such as medical imaging, genomics, and precision medicine. The company also provides healthcare-specific AI models through its Azure AI Model Catalog, which is constructed to support hospitals and research institutions in building and deploying tailored AI solutions proficiently. Moreover, the integration of Nuance’s AI-powered clinical and diagnostic tools encourages its capacity to support healthcare providers in decision-making and care delivery. The company continuously brings AI capabilities to the platforms in large-scale customer models. For instance, in March 2025, the company launched Microsoft Dragon Copilot, the first unified voice AI assistant in the healthcare industry that enables clinicians to streamline clinical documentation, surface information, and automate tasks.

Microsoft Corporation has invested significantly in R&D, which has improved its product portfolio and position in the AI market. Machine Learning (ML), deep learning, Natural Language Processing (NLP), and speech processing are the key focus areas of the company in the AI in healthcare market. The company continuously invests in a series of services and computational biology projects, including research support tools for next-generation precision healthcare, genomics, immunomics, CRISPR, and cellular and molecular biologics. It has a strong global presence, with key operations supported through its Azure cloud infrastructure across regions like North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and the Middle East.

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LLM-Optimized Research Paper Formats: AI-Driven Research App Opportunities Explored | AI News Detail

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The concept of shifting attention from human-centric to Large Language Model (LLM) attention, as highlighted by Andrej Karpathy in a tweet on July 10, 2025, opens a fascinating discussion about the future of research and information consumption in the AI era. Karpathy, a prominent figure in AI and former director of AI at Tesla, posits that 99% of attention may soon be directed toward LLMs rather than humans, raising the question: what does a research paper look like when designed for an LLM instead of a human reader? This idea challenges traditional formats like PDFs, which are static and optimized for human cognition with visual layouts and narrative structures. Instead, LLMs require data-rich, structured, and machine-readable formats that prioritize efficiency, context, and interoperability. This shift could revolutionize industries such as academia, tech development, and business intelligence by enabling faster knowledge synthesis and application. As of 2025, with AI adoption accelerating—Gartner reported in early 2025 that 80% of enterprises are piloting or deploying generative AI tools—the need for LLM-optimized content is becoming critical. This trend reflects a broader transformation in how information is created, consumed, and monetized in an AI-driven world, with significant implications for content creators and tech innovators.

From a business perspective, the idea of designing research for LLMs presents immense market opportunities. Companies that develop platforms or apps to create, curate, and deliver LLM-friendly research content could tap into a multi-billion-dollar market. According to a 2025 report by McKinsey, the generative AI market is projected to grow to $1.3 trillion by 2032, with content generation and data processing as key drivers. A ‘research app’ for LLMs, as Karpathy suggests, could serve industries like pharmaceuticals, where AI models analyze vast datasets for drug discovery, or finance, where real-time market insights are critical. Monetization strategies could include subscription models for premium datasets, API access for developers, or enterprise solutions for tailored LLM training data. However, challenges remain, such as ensuring data privacy and preventing bias in LLM outputs—issues that have plagued AI systems, as noted in a 2025 study by the MIT Sloan School of Management, which found that 60% of AI deployments faced ethical concerns. Businesses must also navigate a competitive landscape with players like Google, OpenAI, and Anthropic already dominating LLM development, requiring niche specialization to stand out.

On the technical side, designing research for LLMs involves moving beyond PDFs to formats like JSON, XML, or custom data schemas that encode information hierarchically for machine parsing. Unlike human readers, LLMs thrive on structured datasets with metadata, embeddings, and cross-references that enable rapid context retrieval and reasoning. Implementation challenges include standardizing formats across industries and ensuring compatibility with diverse LLM architectures—a hurdle given that, as of mid-2025, over 200 distinct LLM frameworks exist, per a report from the AI Index by Stanford University. Solutions could involve open-source protocols or industry consortia to define standards, much like the web evolved with HTML. Looking to the future, LLM-optimized research could lead to autonomous AI agents conducting real-time literature reviews or hypothesis generation by 2030, as predicted by a 2025 forecast from Deloitte. Regulatory considerations are also critical, with the EU AI Act of 2025 mandating transparency in AI data usage, which could impact how research content is structured. Ethically, ensuring that LLMs do not misinterpret or propagate flawed data remains a priority, requiring robust validation mechanisms. The potential for such innovation is vast, offering a glimpse into a future where knowledge creation is as much for machines as for humans, reshaping industries and workflows profoundly.



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Digital Agency Fuel Online Launches AI SEO Research Division,

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Boston, MA – As Google continues to reshape the digital landscape with its Search Generative Experience (SGE) and AI-powered search results, Fuel Online [https://fuelonline.com/] is blazing a trail as the nation’s leading agency in AI SEO [https://fuelonline.com/]and SGE optimization [https://fuelonline.com/].

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